One of the priority tasks of nuclear power industry is to increase the reliability and safety of nuclear power plants. In this regard, traditional detectors for measuring the neutron flux in the reactor core are being improved and new ones are developed. This work is dedicated to one of the tasks of creating a compton self-powered neutron detector, namely, the formation of an insulator of magnesium oxide on an emitter of metallic hafnium. The effect of three types of magnesium oxide of different purity and structural state, as well as annealing temperature on the electrical resistance of the insulator between the collector and the emitter of the detector, is studied. The detector prototypes were manufactured by filling with magnesium oxidepowders or by applying liquid-phase mixturesthereof.
The physical grounds and an experimental study of the efficiency of applying the zone recrystallization method in an electric field for zirconium refining from metal and gas-forming impurities are presented. The changes in the elemental composition, microhardness, and structure of the obtained ingots was investigated. It is shown that the application of the method can significantly reduce the content of interstitial impurities. Zirconium samples with a purity of 99.91 wt.% were obtained.
The properties of a Compton neutron detector with the emitter of metallic Hf were studying in this work. Using the previously calculated the emitter material nuclide composition during reactor irradiation, the dependence of the emitter signal value on the irradiation time was obtained with a step of 1 year for 5 years. It is shown that the composition modification due to nuclear transmutations changes the rate of an electric charge generation in the emitter.
Определены условия, позволяющие при различных переделах сохранять в металле низкое содержание примесей. Сделан анализ процессов формирования структуры в металле в зависимости от режимов деформационнотермической обработки полуфабрикатов и их влияния на свойства готовой продукции. Для получения исходных слитков использовали электронно-лучевую плавку. Деформационную обработку слитков проводили с использованием ковки и прокатки в профильных валках. Конечную термообработку совмещали с выравниванием прутков. Поверхность готовых прутков подвергали шлифовке, после чего проводили контроль свойств и качества изделий.
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