Space weather is driven by solar activities by pulling out the variety of phenomenon such as solar flare and coronal mass ejection (CMEs). It been discovered the CMEs and solar flares have causes disturbance at near-Earth space. This paper is to examined the behaviour of geomagnetic storm, horizontal geomagnetic field and several solar wind parameters during solar flare and CMEs event at minimum of solar cycle of 24. Observational result found that association of strongest solar flare and CMEs have declined the geomagnetic storm until -150nt at 8th September 2017. Following to this, the H component reading also slightly decreased at three magnetometer location respectively. Solar flare and CMEs released the energetic particles that could disturbed the radio communications at the Earth and electronic equipment. Therefore, it was required to study and understanding the solar flare and CMEs event.
Previous studies have reported that coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and solar flares lead to the development of huge storms and high-speed streams. Our aim in this paper is to investigate the response of the geomagnetic index SYM/H to the solar wind parameters, such as solar wind speed V, dynamic pressure P, input energy IE and the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz component, associated with solar flares and CME events. The response of the ground geomagnetic field (H-component) to the solar wind parameters and the IMF Bz component at three low-latitude stations has also been analysed. Our findings show that the delay of the solar wind changes in the Earth’s magnetosphere in response to the weak geomagnetic storm (SYM/H = −30 nT) at the beginning of 2014 December 21. A weak storm of SYM/H = −30 nT in the middle of 2014 November 5 is suggested by a low magnetic reconnection process in the magnetosphere. In addition, the strong southward IMF Bz component and high solar wind changes in the magnetosphere system, which were a result of the X2.0 solar flare event and the CMEs on 2014 October 27, responded to the moderate storm (SYM/H = −60 nT) at the beginning of 2014 October 28. This dynamic physical process in the magnetosphere caused by solar wind variation is seen to excite the Earth’s H-component through ultra low frequency at the ground-based magnetometers at the BCL (Vietnam), TIR (India) and SCN (Indonesia) stations during the geomagnetic storm. This study relates to seismic investigations and geomagnetic-induced current on the ground.
The physical destruction and fatalities caused by earthquake events compelled scientists to develop Earthquake predictions. Due to limited seismometer sensitivity, it was impossible to detect earthquake events; therefore, non-seismological is established, which in Ultra Low Frequency (ULF). The study of electromagnetic waves (EM) in the Ultra-Low Frequency (ULF) range is a promising tool for investigating seismomagnetic effects that act as an earthquake precursor. This study analysed the ULF frequency range as a short-term earthquake precursor at a depth < 100 km and an epicentral distance < 100 km (distance from Cebu magnetometer station) measured using a ground magnetometer installed in Cebu (10.36oN, 123.91oE), in the Philippines. This study also intended to determine the emission of magnetic pulsation (Pc4 and Pc5), solar wind parameters and near equatorial geomagnetic storms (SYM/H) in low latitude regions prior to an earthquake event. Findings show that the most evident ULF that acts as a potential earthquake precursor was at a frequency range of Pc5 (1.7 - 6.7 mHz) compared to Pc4 (6.7 - 22 mHz). It also shows that high solar wind changes and geomagnetic storms respond to the emission of ULF magnetic pulsations (Pc4 and Pc5) prior to earthquake events at low latitudes. Thus, it can be concluded that magnetic pulsations are signatures that indicate the probability of short-term earthquakes precursor.
The Sun’s magnetic activity influences disturbances that perturb interplanetary space by producing large fluxes of energetic protons, triggering geomagnetic storms and affecting the ground geomagnetic field. The effect of two solar events, namely Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) and Coronal Holes, on geomagnetic indices (SYM/H), solar wind parameters and ground geomagnetic fields has provided magnetic ground data, which were extracted from the Terengganu (TRE, -4.21° N, 175.91° E) Magnetometer (MAGDAS) station, and investigated in this study. Results show that the physical dynamic mechanism in the Earth’s magnetosphere is triggered by various solar wind parameters associated with CMEs and Coronal hole events during the minimum solar cycle of 24 at low latitudes. It is important to study solar wind-magnetosphere coupling because it has an impact on ground-based technological systems and human activities.
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