Isothermal outgassing curves of hollow glass microspheres filled with helium, hydrogen, or deuterium gas have been determined. Four million 40–45-μm soda-lime glass microspheres, similar to laser-fusion targets, were filled by gas permeation at 693–763 K and outgassed at 292–573 K. The permeabilities were calculated by an exponential theory, and they agree to an order of magnitude with the literature values. The outgassing curves are not pressure dependent. Two irregularities are apparent. First, the counting of target-quality individual D-T–filled microspheres shows a permeability spread of an order of magnitude from one microsphere to the next, which may be caused by variable chemical composition. Second, all the gases show deviations from exponential behavior in the form of tails at long times. Chemical reaction of the hydrogen with the glass, as well as incomplete filling and outgassing, may cause the hydrogen tails; the cause of the helium tails is not known.
We have observed three radiation-induced lines (A, B, and C) in the collision-induced fundamental infrared spectra of solid hydrogens containing tritium. These hydrogens are T2, DT, D2, HD, and HT at 7 to 9 K. The A line is about 100 cm−1 below the Q1(0, 1) of the corresponding hydrogens. The B line lies at 10 to 20 cm−1 below the Q1(0, 1). The weak C line occurs only in T2 and D2 at a position between the A and B lines. These lines are interpreted as being due to the effect of ions on the molecules of the host lattice (T2, DT, D2, HD, and HT). These ions are formed following the radioactive decay of tritium. The positions of the A and B lines are due to the Stark shift in the host molecules caused by the electric field of the ions. The intensity of the lines yields an ion concentration in pure tritium of the order of parts per million.
J = 1 to J =0 molecular rotational time constants for J =1 D2 in solid D-T at 1.8 to 14 K have been obtained by analyzing the longitudinal relaxation times T& of the tritons in the same sample. The inherent time constant in the electric quadrupole theory of T& is a function of both the J =1 T2 and J =1 D2 concentrations. By subtracting out the J = 1 T2 behavior as obtained from pure T2 samples, the J = 1 to J =0 D2 time constants remain. From 10 to 14 K, the D2 time constants are longer than those for Tã t constant temperature by the ratio of the nuclear magnetic moments. From 1.8 to 5.3 K, the two time constants are identical at about 5 h. A time-constant minimum occurs at about 10 K for both hydrogens. A rate-equation theory of rotational catalysis by free hydrogen atoms created by the tritium radioactivity is presented.
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