Background: Seed maturation is genetically controlled process involves a sequence of morphological and physiological changes extending from fertilization to total independence from the mother plant. Yard long bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (L) verdcourt) is an important leguminous vegetable crop which meets greater demand of the vegetable especially in South India and some parts of North India. However, information on optimum harvest time of yard long bean seeds are still limited. Hence, this study was carried out to determine the physiological maturity of yard long bean to obtain good quality of seeds for better planting value. Methods: The laboratory experiment was carried out at Department of Seed Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India to determine the appropriate time of harvesting yard long bean cv. Arka Mangala seeds. The crop was raised as bulk in the field during kharif season of 2019 and the pods were harvested at three days interval from 3 days after anthesis (DAA) to 30 DAA and subjected for determinations of pod and seed characteristics. Result: The results revealed that pod length, pod fresh weight and pod dry weight increased rapidly during 3 DAA to 12 DAA and showed maximum pod length (67.7 cm), pod fresh weight (28.56 g/pod) at 12 DAA. The seeds attained physiological maturity at about 24 DAA with 22 per cent moisture content concurred with maximum dry weight (18.80 g/100 seeds), protein content (18.6%) and maximum physiological parameters viz., speed of germination (7.1), germination per cent (94%), root length (23.5 cm), shoot length (20.5 cm), dry matter production (0.949 g/10 seedlings), vigour index I (4136) and vigour index II (89).
Nutritional composition of some selected leafy vegetables grown in vertical gardening namely Anethum graveolens (Dill), Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek), Amaranth spp (Green Amaranth), Amaranth cruentus (Red Amaranth) and Spinacia oleracea (Spinach) at their micro green stage were analyzed. The Vitamin C content of the samples ranged from 14.66 to 80mg/100g, Vitamin A was in the range of 0.63-0.66μg/g and Total Carotenoid content varied from 13.67-24.93mg/100g whereas Beta carotene was present in between 2.25-11.94mg/100g. Mineral element analysis showed that the micro greens had moderate level of Calcium (48.60mg/100g-81.50mg/100g), appreciable amount of Iron content in the range of 1.19-4.10mg/100g and little amount of Phosphorous (0.018-0.060%). Carbohydrate content was present in the range of 1.06 and 2.63 g/100g, Protein presence among selected micro green showed variation between 1.26-3.1g/100g. Crude fibre content varied between 14.2-27.88% whereas total phenols was showing difference in values between 58.32-84.74mg/100g. These results revealed that micro greens contain moderate amount of nutritional composition and can be included in daily diet to meet individuals RDA needed by the body.
An experiment was conducted at Horticultural Research Station, Pechiparai, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University during the year 2017-2018 to standardize the media for hardening the plantlets of Dendrobium var. Thongchai Gold. The in vitro plantlets were hardened with four different growing media and their combinations viz., charcoal, coconut husk, broken pot pieces, thermocol and their combinations as charcoal + coconut husk (1:1) , charcoal + broken pot pieces (1:1), charcoal + thermocol (1:1), coconut husk + broken pot pieces (1:1), coconut husk + thermocol (1:1), charcoal + coconut husk + broken pot pieces (1:1:1) and charcoal + coconut husk + broken pot pieces + thermocol (1:1:1:1). The results revealed that combination of coconut husk and broken pot pieces in 1:1 ratio significantly enhanced the plant height (9.02 cm) and number of leaves per plantlet (4.61) while the control recorded the plant height of (7.47 cm) with 3.50 leaves per plant. The leaf length (6.96 cm), root length (6.90 cm) and shoot girth (3.20 mm) were the highest in the treatment combination of coconut husk and broken pot pieces in 1:1 ratio. In the control the leaf length (5.52 cm), root length (5.30 cm) and shoot girth (2.20 mm) respectively. The highest survival per cent of 83.49 was recorded in the same treatment where as the survival per cent in the control was 62.55. Hence it can be concluded that the treatment combination of coconut husk and broken pot pieces in 1:1 ratio was the best medium for hardening the in vitro plantlets of Dendrobium var. Thongchai Gold.
Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) is an immense fruit with varied chemical composition and nutritional value. The aim of the study was to decide the major contributing physiochemical properties that explain the variations in different pumpkin accessions by applying principal component analysis. Thus the study revealed that starch, moisture, total solids, reducing sugar, total carbohydrate and TSS were the principal component of pumpkin accessions followed by flesh thickness, fruit weight and fruit equatorial diameter.
In vegetables the factors for biotic stress are pests, diseases and nematodes. The damages induced by these factors reflect highly on production, productivity and quality. Although application of pesticides/fungicides and nematicides has managed these stresses, excessive use of unsafe chemicals results in environmental pollution and leave residues in vegetables which are above threshold levels and also promote the development of new races/biotypes of pests and pathogens. Therefore vegetable improvement works concentrate on high yielding varieties with multiple resistance to these biotic stresses. For such studies, the knowledge on the genetic basis of resistance and plant-pest/pathogen interactions is necessary which will in turn improve the efficiency of the breeding programmes by introducing resistant genes and result in high-yielding genetically resistant cultivars. For the development of resistant varieties and pre-breed lines, information on sources of resistance is prerequisite and serve as a backbone in the breeding programme. Further, gene action responsible for the inheritance of characters helps in the choice of suitable breeding methods for the improvement of the crop. Work has been done by using the various breeding methods and resistant varieties have been bred and they offer the cheapest means of pest/disease/nematode control. Resistant varieties obviate the use of chemicals, thus reduce environmental pollution and facilitate safe food for human consumption.
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