The chemical composition and seasonal variation of the essential oil from the aerial parts of Plectranthus hadiensis grown during the rainy and summer seasons in the Western Ghats of India was analysed by GC-MS technique. The analysis of rainy season oil led to the identification of 31 compounds, representing 96.4% of the essential oil and the winter season oil led to 25 compounds, representing 95.1% of the oil. Most of the compounds were sesquiterpenes and oxygenated monoterpenes. The major components of the rainy season oil were L-fenchone (30.42%), β-farnesene (11.87%), copaene(11.10%), 2,3-dimethyl hydroquinone (10.78%), α-caryophyllene(8.41%) and piperitone oxide (3.94%) and of the summer season oil are L-fenchone (31.55%), copaene(11.93%), β-farnesene (10.45%), 1,8-naphthalenedione, 8a-ethylperhydro (10.06%), α-caryophyllene(6.36%), piperitone oxide (5.79%) and limonene(4.63%). Antibacterial activity of the essential oil of P. hadiensis was tested using zone of inhibition and minimum inhibition concentration methods. Both the oils inhibited the organisms and showed the zone of inhibition in the range of 20-35 mm with MIC values between 32 and 64 mg/dL.
Plectranthus is a large and widespread genus of Lamiaceae family with a diversity of ethnobotanical uses. In traditional
medicine, the juice of stem and leaves of Plectranthus hadiensis which is mixed with honey is taken as a remedy for
diarrhea. The aim of the present study is to determine the chemical composition of the essential oil from the seed of P.
hadiensis and to evaluate antimicrobial efficacy of the oil. The essential oil of the seeds from P. hadiensis is obtained by
hydro-distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). It results in the
identification of 25 compounds representing 99.3%, of the total oil. The main compound is Piperitone oxide (33.33%).
Antibacterial activity of the essential oil of P. hadiensis is tested against two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative
bacteria, using zone of inhibition method. The essential oils inhibit the organisms and shows the zone of inhibition in the
range of 20-35mm. The essential oil can serve as an antibacterial agent.
The isolation of the volatile constituents from the flowers of Artabotrys hexapetalus was carried out using a simple headspace solvent-trapping technique and identified by GC-MS analysis. The major compounds are ethyl acetate 53.6%, isobutyl acetate (29.4%) and ethyl benzoate (14.2%). The odour of the solution obtained from this method was found to be similar to that of the fresh flowers. Further the essential oil from A. hexapetalus was obtained for the first time from India by hydro distillation using a Clevenger type apparatus and analysed by GC-MS. The plant yielded 1.26%, of the essential oils from the flower. The analysis lead to the identification of 28 compounds representing 96.17% of the total oil. The essential oil consists of predominantly oxygenated sesquiterpenes (51.91%) followed by sesquiterpenes (43.31%) and small quantities of monoterpenes (1.24%) and other compounds (1.34%). The main constituents of the essential oil obtained from the flowers of A.hexapetalus are β-caryophyllene (18.69%), caryophyllene oxide (14.54%), cubenol (12.53%) and ledol (11.5%). The essential oil showed antibacterial activity against bacterial strains Streptococcus pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibiting a zone of inhibition of 16.4, 15.7, 17.5 and 14.5 mm and MIC value of 2.5, 5.0, 2.5, 5.0 mg/ml respectively. Molecular docking analysis indicated that the essential oil constituents are nucleic acid and cell wall synthesis inhibitors. So it is worth to include this in cosmetics and fragrances.
Objective: In the present work, docking study was performed for 22 selected alkaloids isolated from the genus Scutellaria to evaluate their affinityto bacterial proteins that are known targets for many antibiotics with a different mechanism of action: Inhibitors of cell wall synthesis, inhibitors ofnucleic acids synthesis and antimetabolites.Methods: Molecular docking study was carried out using AutoDock 4.2 version and the visualization result using Chimera 1.10 and DiscoveryStudio 4.5.Result: Among the 22 alkaloids studied, with the DNA gyrase protein 1KZN and a dihydropteroate synthase enzyme 3TYE, the compoundscutebarbatine E showed a docking score of −8.5 and −8.7 Kcal/mol, respectively, involving with hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions. Withrespect to MurD ligase involved in cell wall synthesis 1UAG and 2X5O, the compound 6,7,nicotinyl scutebarbatine G fared well with a dockingscore of −10.1 and −10.2 Kcal/mol, respectively. Scutebarbatine G performed well with respect to 3UDI with binding scores of −9.3 K cal/mol.Conclusion: Overall, it seems that for the selected alkaloids from the genus Scutellaria, the main mechanism of the action is the inhibition of cell wallsynthesis.Keywords: Scutebarbatine, Alkaloids, Molecular docking, Antimicrobial studies.
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