Morphological characteristics were studied in adult and embryonic Amidostomum anseris (Zeder, 1800) obtained from domestic goose Anser anser domesticus Linnaeus, 1758. The studied characters included species-specific morphometric indices of male and female specimens and differential characters of sex-related dimorphism in that species. Stages and periods of embryonic development, and viability of the nematodes were studied at laboratory conditions. Size dimorphism in A. anseris was considerable, females were significantly larger (by 10.09–27.98 %) than males by 11 parameters. Additional metric characters were proposed to enhance effectiveness of differentiation of female and male A. anseris specimens. Under laboratory conditions, embryonic development of A. anseris occurs in four stages: blastomere cleavage; larval formation; formation of non-infective larvae I and II; formation of infective larva III which hatches from the egg. Infective larvae develop at 23 °С in six days, and their viability was up to 78.33 ± 2.08 %.
The article presents the data on prevalence and intensity of earthworms’ infection with metastrongylid larvae in pork production enterprises of Kyiv and Zhytomyr Regions of Ukraine. In the investigated areas, six species of lumbricids were collected and identifi ed: Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826), Aporrectodea rosea (Savigny, 1826), A. caliginosa (Savigny, 1826), Dendrodrilus rubidus (Savigny, 1826), Lumbricus rubellus (Linnaeus, 1758), L. terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758). Th e studies were carried out from April to September, 2016, both in pig farms and on pastures. We observed no pronounced changes in prevalence and intensity of infection during the warm period of the year. Th e highest infection rates were detected in earthworms living under the wooden floor of pigpens and in its cracks. In the studied localities, metastrongylid larvae were found in the most common worms of the Lumbricidae family: E. foetida, D. rubidus, A. caliginosa, and L. rubellus.
The article presents a study of the pharmacotherapeutic efficacy of drugs of etiotropic action Ivermikol drops and Aversectin ointment for cnemidocoptosis in budgerigars. Treatment was directed to the study of etiotropic therapy of acaricidal drugs in relation to the causative agents of invasion in sick birds and in the environment. Extensibility and intensity (EE and IE) of the drugs were assessed on the 6th, 22nd and 36th days after the treatment. A study group of budgies suffering from knemidocoptosis was given the following treatment regimen: ivermicol drops, chlorhexidine and Perlen multivitamized grain mixture for food. According to the treatment, on the 6th day in budgies, the extensibility was 0 %. On the 22nd day of treatment in 4 parrots during microscopic examination of scrapings from the affected areas, Knemidocoptes mites were found. Thus, the extensibility of ivermicol drops was 33.3 %. On the 36th day, the extensibility of the treatment of parrots with ivermicol drops was 100 %. Thus, the results obtained make it possible to recommend the indicated scheme for the treatment of ornamental birds for knemidocoptosis. Thuse of the treatment of sick budgerigars according to a different scheme (aversectin ointment, chlorhexidine and multivitamized Perlen grain mixture for nutrition) also proved to be effective. However, on the 22nd day of treatment, microscopic examination of scrapings from the affected areas revealed Knemidokoptes mites in 5 parrots, thus, the extensibility of aversectin ointment was 16.7 %. On the 36th day of treatment in parrots of the control group, which were treated with aversectin ointment, the EE of treatment was 66 %, since 2 out of 6 parrots remained sick, which required further treatment. The dynamics of the EE and IE of ivermicol drops and avesectin ointments on the 6th, 22nd, and 36th days of the study indicate the highest therapeutic efficacy of ivermicol drops. Thus, the use of ivermicol drops as a means of etiotropic action in the cinemidocoptosis of budgerigars is effective. Key words: scabies, treatment, knemidocoptosis, parrots, Cnemidocoptes pilae, acaricidalpreparations, ivermicoldrops, aversectinointment.
Development of antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms is a dangerous phenomenon, actively progressing every year. The uncontrolled use of antibiotics for animals, accumulation in products of animal origin ultimately poses a danger to human health. That is why a decrease in the use of antibiotics and searching alternatives of antibiotic is acute and relevant issues. Therefore, the aim of our research was to study the antimicrobial properties of ozone in relation to pathogens of purulent infection and to show the possibility of using ozone therapy as a potential method of antimicrobial therapy for animals. The materials for determining antimicrobial effect of ozone was 12 samples of purulent exudate in an amount of 2 ml, taken from dogs with purulent wounds before and after sanitation by ozonized 0.87% NaCl solution. Complexity course of wound process with purulent inflammation largely depends on from degree of microbial contamination of the wound and species composition of microorganisms. Therefore, an important aspect in our research was the study of the antimicrobial properties of ozone on its action of purulent exudate «in vitro» and «in vivo» and the determination of the bactericidal effect on microorganisms. The most stable and informative indicator of assessing nature of purulent-inflammatory process is the determination of total number of microorganisms in 1 ml of discharge from a purulent wound. The total microbial number was determined by the method of serial dilutions according to Pasteur. Serial ten-fold dilutions from 10-1 to 10-9 were prepared from purulent exudate in test tubes with sterile MPB (9 ml each). Species composition of microorganisms was determined by cultural and biochemical properties of cultivated microbial colonies, followed microscopy of smears from pure cultures stained using method of Gram. Samples of purulent exudate were subjected to microbiological examination before treatment, and after 30 minutes of washing by ozonized isotonic solution NaCl (ozone concentration of 7 mg/ml). A microbiological study of purulent exudate was also carried out, pre-treated with ozone at a concentration of 7 mg/ml «in vitro» in a test tube in an amount of 2 ml by passing it through exudate (sparging) at a flow rate of 0.5 L/min and a processing time of 10 min. Samples were examined immediately after sampling and sparging. "Microbial landscapes" of purulent wounds were presented by associations of Staph. aureus, Str. faecalis, E. coli. Microbial seeding of purulent exudate for treatment ranged from 6.6 • 10-10 to 3.7 • 10-8 CFU/ml, however, after 10 min of bubbling «in vitro» at an ozone concentration of 7 mg/ml, the degree of microbial seeding of samples did not exceed 10-4 CFU/ml and ranged from 3.1 • 10-4 to 2.3• 10-3 CFU/ml. As shown by the results of microbiological studies, the growth of microorganisms on a nutrient medium in bacteriological plates with purulent exudate samples treated with ozone with concentration of 7 mg/ml was already absent at 10-5 degrees of dilution, which indicates the pronounced antimicrobial properties of ozone. The study «in vivo»also indicates that even after a single use of an ozonized isotonic NaCl solution at an ozone concentration of 7 mg/ml, it completely prevents the growth of Staph. aureus, Str. faecalis, E. coli. and causes 100% death mentioned associations of microorganisms. The results of microbiological studies are confirmed by clinical data. So, on the third day of treatment, the animals in the lesion zone had a small amount of wound exudate, and the microbial number of the latter was 1.4 • 10-4 − 3.1 • 10-³ CFU/ml, below the critical level of contamination and in most cases not leads to the progression of a purulent-inflammatory process. Ozone destroys all types of bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa. At the same time, ozone at a concentration of 7 mg/ ml does not have an irritating effect on body tissues, therefore, ozone therapy can be considered as an additional or alternative therapy of bacterial infection. Key words: ozone, ozonetherapy, purulent wounds, antibiotic resistance.
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