To identify factors associated with vaccine receipt among correctional facilities during the A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza pandemic, this study surveyed one third of U.S. correctional facilities. Analysis of the association of average daily population (ADP) on A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza vaccine receipt found that an ADP increase of 100 inmates resulted in a 32% increased likelihood of receiving influenza vaccine among smaller jails. Zero percent of large jails, 14% of federal prisons, 11% of nonfederal prisons, and 57% of small jails reported never receiving pandemic influenza vaccine. A qualitative assessment identified barriers to vaccine delivery, lessons learned from pandemic response, and recommendations for public health partners. Building stronger relationships between public health entities and correctional facilities to collaborate in influenza pandemic preparedness efforts may help protect correctional and community populations.
Chlamydia trachomatis is the most prevalent sexually transmitted bacterial infection among adolescents in the United States. Chlamydia infections that go untreated may cause complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, epididymitis, and infertility. Screening has become easier and more cost-effective with the development of nucleic acid amplification tests. Two common treatments for chlamydia infections are a single dose of azithromycin and a 7-day course of doxycycline. Although the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has published guidelines regarding screening for and treating chlamydia, only a small percentage of correctional health care facilities adhere to them. Correctional facilities have the opportunity to prevent transmission of chlamydia within a population that has limited access to health care.
Screening and treatment for Chlamydia trachomatis in the incarcerated population is important and challenging. The goal of this study was threefold: (a) investigate the usefulness of screening asymptomatic juveniles; (b) examine the feasibility of completing treatment in high turnover juvenile correction facilities; and (c) assess the strengths and weaknesses of the current screening and treatment program in a juvenile detention center relative to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines. In a retrospective chart review of 508 subjects, the researchers analyzed the screening of juvenile inmates and treatment of those who tested positive for C. trachomatis. The study showed that 20.8% of females and 8.9% of males tested positive for C. trachomatis during screening in 2005. Findings also demonstrated that 86.4% of juveniles received appropriate treatment.
The delivery of health care is based on the theory that patients have timely access to qualified clinicians who will render a professional clinical judgment that is ordered and received. This article describes traditional barriers to opioid treatment and care to incarcerated populations. With 60 to 80 percent of current and former prisoners convicted on drug-related charges, the need to provide drug abuse treatment in jails and prisons remains a high social and clinical priority. The medical, economic, and social burden of opioid addiction can be alleviated with the expansion of addiction treatment programming in the criminal justice system. This article presents arguments why this programming should be implemented and describes national standards on how services should be organized. The article concludes with a description of the nursing role in a criminal justice substance abuse program highlighting key tasks that correctional nurses perform. The article concludes with a discussion of the future challenges and directions to opioid treatment in the criminal justice system.
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