RESUMO A realização de mais de uma operação da colhedora de café pode aumentar a eficiência de colheita dos frutos, minimizando a quantidade de café remanescente nas plantas e a necessidade de repasse manual. O repasse manual comumente encarece o processo de produção e promove maiores danos às

Com o objetivo de avaliar a fertirrigação do cafeeiro com a utilização de diferentes fontes de fertilizantes, instalou-se um experimento na Fazenda Escola da Universidade de Uberaba, em Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo textura arenosa, a 850 m de altitude, em lavoura de café Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144. Foram aplicados os seguintes tratamentos: adubação de cobertura convencional química; adubação de cobertura com adubos sólidos convencionais, via fertirrigação; adubação de cobertura com adubos próprios para fertirrigação, de alta solubilidade; adubação de cobertura com fertilizantes organominerais sólidos, produzidos com resíduos orgânicos enriquecidos com minerais e adubação de cobertura com fertilizantes organominerais líquidos. Para efeito de comparação, mantiveram-se, para os diferentes tratamentos, as mesmas doses de N, P2O5 e K2O. Após quatro safras, concluiu-se que as fontes de fertilizantes utilizadas, tanto em fertirrigação quanto na aplicação convencional no solo, não apresentaram diferenças significativas em termos de produtividade do cafeeiro. Com relação à qualidade final do café avaliada após análise sensorial da bebida obtida pelos diferentes tratamentos, também não se verificaram diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos.

Com o objetivo de se estudar o desenvolvimento vegetativo e produtivo de uma lavoura de café nas condições de Planaltina de Goiás, GO, instalou-se um experimento numa lavoura de café Mundo Novo, recepada, onde foram comparados diferentes períodos de déficit hídrico (DH) e aplicação de variados produtos granulados no solo. Com avaliações de produção para os anos de 1995, 1996 e 1997, observou-se que, sob irrigação total e sem déficit hídrico, a cultura apresentou a maior produtividade, com acréscimos de até 100% quando comparada com o tratamento sem irrigação. Quanto aos granulados, independentemente do tratamento de irrigação, verificou-se melhor desempenho da associação triadimenol + dissulfoton, com aumentos de produtividade de 20 a 25%.

R E S U M OEm lavouras de primeira safra a colheita mecanizada do café apresenta restrições quanto à sua utilização. Há pressuposições de que esse tipo de colheita possa elevar os danos às plantas e aumentar a quantidade de café caído no solo. Diante disto, objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência de colheita e os danos às plantas de colhedoras de café em lavouras de primeira safra. Foram comparadas duas situações de colheita: lavouras madura e imatura nas quais se procederam as operações de colheita com duas colhedoras, A e B (colhedora de café automotriz adaptada e colhedora automotriz comum) operando em duas intensidades da colhedora (I e II) sendo: I -Velocidade operacional de 1.200 m h -1 e vibração das hastes de 600 rpm e II -Velocidade operacional de 1.000 m h -1 e 850 rpm. Os tratamentos foram estudados em arranjo fatorial 2 x 2 +1, delineados em blocos ao acaso, com cinco repetições. Foram avaliados a eficiência de colheita, a quantidade de café caído, remanescente, danos às plantas e o enfolhamento da lavoura após a execução da colheita. Constatou-se que a colheita mecanizada em lavouras de café de primeira safra só deve ser procedida utilizandose colhedoras adaptadas. A colheita mecanizada do café promove menores danos às plantas que a colheita manual. Mechanized harvesting of first crop of coffee A B S T R A C TMechanized harvesting of coffee in the crop´s first harvest has restrictions on its use. There are assumptions that this type of harvesting can increase damage to plants and increase the amount of coffee falling on the ground. In this context, present study aimed to evaluate the harvest efficiency and damage to the coffee plants by the harvesters in first harvest of crop. Two situations of crop were compared: mature and immature crops. In both, the harvesting operations were conducted with two harvesters, A and B (adapted automotive coffee harvester and common combine harvester) operating in two intensities (I -operating speed of 1,200 m h -1 and the sticks vibration of 600 rpm and II -operating speed of 1,000 m h -1 and 850 rpm). The treatments were studied in factorial 2 x 2 + 1, outlined in blocks, with five repetitions. The harvest efficiency, amount of fallen and remaining coffee grains, damage to plants and leaves of crop after the execution of the harvest were evaluated. It was found that the mechanical harvesting of first crop of coffee plantations should only be made using adapted harvesters. Mechanized coffee harvesting, promotes minor damage to the plants than manual harvest. Palavras-chave:eficiência de colheita mecanização cafeeiro

The range between boron deficiency and toxicity in the coffee crop is narrow and the crop toxicity tolerance depends on the soil type, initial soil content and plant age. The objective of this study was to evaluate different levels of boron in the coffee crop during development and grown in a red clayey Oxisol. Treatments consisted of boron applications (zero; 2.48; 4.96; 9.92; 19.8 and 39.68 kg ha-1) in the boric acid form and applied to soil surface in the area of the tree crown projection. The six treatments were outlined in a randomized block design with four replications and ten plants per plot. The cultivar used was Catuaí IAC 144 with sixteen months old, grown in an Oxisol in Campinas, SP, Brazil. Foliar boron content was analyzed as a function of time by regression analysis. The levels in fruit and yield were analyzed by regression according to boron doses. It can be concluded that higher boron doses in the plant can be observed when fruits are at the first development stage. High doses can reduce yield productivity, being each kilogram of applied boron responsible for a reduction of 0.33 coffee bags. ha-1.

Spraying a coffee plantation simultaneously with harvesting ensures that the coffee plants are protected from pests and diseases, which are intensified during this period. In addition to economical operation, the pulverizer adapted to all harvester models promotes greater uniformity in pulverized syrup dispensing since the spray tips are arranged evenly around the plant. Two experiments were carried out in the municipality of Capelinha and Varjão de Minas, MG, comparing the Pulverizer Kit with two volumes of syrup to the Arbus 2000 standard and Arbus 2000 Cerrado, respectively in experiment 2. The experiments were conducted using a randomized block design, with seven and ten replications, respectively, for plots of 20 plants to evaluate the deposition of the syrup in the upper, middle, and lower thirds of the plants. It was concluded that the Sprayer Kit adapted to the coffee harvester is a suitable option for spraying simultaneously to the harvest, using syrup volumes lower than those commonly used in coffee cultivation. The application with Arbus 2,000 had difficulty in reaching the upper third of the coffee tree, whereas this did not occur when the coffee was pulverized using the Spray Kit, regardless of the volume of syrup used.

In mountain regions due to the high slopes, the coffee harvest is carried out manually, generating higher production costs. An alternative to reducing these costs is to use portable breakers. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of portable coffee breakers in coffee harvesting. The experiment was carried out in a field of Catucaí Amarelo 24/137, 3.5 years old. In the study, six types of breakers were tested, in addition to an extra treatment, the experiment was delineated in randomized blocks with four replicates. The number of broken coffee, remaining coffee, number of broken branches that fell on the melting cloth, number of primary and secondary branches present in the plants and defoliation were evaluated. The commercial bruising Brudden promoted a greater amount of broken branches fallen in the cloth of derrick. Regarding the defoliation, it was observed that the Brudden melt promoted the highest values, followed by commercial brands AGS Dupla, Nakashi and Sthil WR9. The treatments Sthil WR6 / 2 and WR6, and Sthil associated to the rubber extensors obtained the lowest values of defoliation. Brudden was also the one that promoted the largest amount of broken branches accounted for in the plant. Based on that, results showed that harvest process using portable milling machines has high harvesting efficiency.

Pigs can be used in the formation of coffee seedlings; it gradually provides essential nutrients for the development of plants, in addition to promoting the improvement of the substrate and water retention. It was decided, with this work, to evaluate the use of pig compost in the formation of coffee seedlings. The topics studied were: T1-Witness (absence of organic compound); T2-30% concentration of cattle compost; T3-15% concentration of pig compost; T4-30% concentration of pig compost; T5-45% concentration of pig compost. The five treatments were arranged in a randomized block design, with five replications. The best treatment for plant height and collection diameter was 45% of pig compost. The best results for the total dry matter were obtained with treatments with 30 and 45% of pig compost. The compost based on pig manure at 30% stood out in comparison to the standard cattle manure at 30%, providing higher levels of M, O, P, Mg and micronutrients (B, Cu, Mn, Zn). The use of 30 or 45% of manure-based compost produces coffee seedlings similar to the 30% of cattle manure composting.