In geotechnical engineering, soils that can shrink and swell quickly are always thought to be more sensitive than other types of soil. Most of the research on how to improve the engineering behaviour of expansive soil and make it more stable has already been done. The main goal of the project is to find a better way to treat large amounts of expansive soil with low-cost material and to analyse the modification of engineering properties of soil such as compressive strength and Atterberg limit. In this study, lab results on soils with a lot of space that were treated with cheap ingredients like lime and palm kernel ash are used. This study looks at the results of the unconfined compression test (UCC), liquid limit, plastic limit, shrinkage limit, and plasticity index for expansive clays mixed with different amounts of lime and palm kernel ash. Based on the result, it was found that the addition of 5% lime with 0.25% of PKA increased the UC strength of soil from 1418.17 kN/m2 to 1537.97 kN/m2 at 28 days of curing. Similarly, due to increase in the percentage of palm kernel ash with lime treatment has decreased the rate of atterberg limit except for the plastic limit. In the case of plastic limit, the addition of 0.25% of palm kernel ash was recommended. Finally, it was concluded that the addition of palm kernel ash with lime was advisable for minor soil stabilization work.
Metal foundries make heavy use of metal casting. The residual sand, also known as foundry sand, is removed from the foundry after numerous cycles of recycling and reuse have been completed successfully. This article describes the environmentally safe and technically sound uses of foundry sand in civil engineering. Using foundry sand in several engineering applications can solve the problem of foundry sand disposal and other problems. Silica sand is the primary component of foundry sand, which is subsequently coated with a thin layer of carbon, dust, and any leftover binder. Foundry sand can increase the strength and durability of concrete. Foundry sand can be used as a supplement, a partial replacement for fine aggregate, a complete replacement for fine aggregate, or as a replacement for cement in order to achieve a variety of concrete properties. In the present study, the impact of replacing fine aggregate with foundry sand on the compressive strength, split tensile strength, and elastic modulus of concrete with mix proportions of 1:1.45:2.2:1.103 was analysed. Three proportions of foundry sand were substituted for fine aggregates. The replacement percentages for fine aggregate were 10, 20, and 30 percent by weight. During varied curing times, compressive strength, split tensile strength, and elastic modulus tests were conducted on all replacement sand levels (14-days & 28-days) Test findings revealed a modest improvement in compressive strength, split tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity when fine aggregates were replaced with a certain amount of foundry sand. This indicates that foundry sand can be safely utilised in concrete for durability and strength purposes.
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