In this consecutive series of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer treated with CRT, 12% demonstrated a CCR and have been actively managed conservatively, thereby avoiding surgery. With further improvements in diagnostic assessment of response to CRT, this figure may rise.

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Introduction:The most common cancers in the UK are keratinocyte cancers (KCs): the combined term for basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCCs). Registration of KC is challenging due to high numbers and multiplicity of tumours per person. Methods: We provide an updated report on the descriptive epidemiology of trends in KC incidence for the resident populations of UK countries (England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales) using population-based cancer registry and pathology report data, 2013-18. Results: Substantial increases in cSCC incidence in England, Scotland and Northern Ireland can be detected for the period of 2013-18, and the incidence of cSCC also increased in Wales from 2016 to 2018. In contrast, however, the pattern of annual change in the incidence of BCC across the nations differs. In England, the incidence of BCC declined slightly from 2016 to 2018, however, the overall trend across 2013-18 is not statistically significant. In Scotland, the incidence of BCC shows some variability,This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Background Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality in Wales. We conducted a before-and afterstudy to evaluate the impact of a four-week mass media campaign on awareness, presentation behaviour and lung cancer outcomes. Methods Population-representative samples were surveyed for cough symptom recall/recognition and worry about wasting doctors' time pre-campaign (June 2016; n=1,001) and post-campaign (September 2016; n=1,013). GP cough symptom visits, urgent suspected cancer (USC) referrals, GP-ordered radiology, new lung cancer diagnoses and stage at diagnosis were compared using routine data during the campaign (July-August 2016) and corresponding control (July-August 2015) periods. Results Increased cough symptom recall (p<0.001), recognition (p<0.001) and decreased worry (p<0.001) were observed. GP visits for cough increased by 29% in the target 50+ age-group during the campaign (p<0.001) and GP-ordered chest X-rays increased by 23% (p<0.001). There was no statistically significant change in USC referrals (p=0.82), new (p=0.70) or early stage (p=0.27) diagnoses, or in routes to diagnosis. Conclusion Symptom awareness, presentation and GP-ordered chest x-rays increased during the campaign, but did not translate into increased USC referrals or clinical outcomes changes. Short campaign duration and follow up, and the small number of new lung cancer cases observed may have hampered detection effects.