Insufficient seedling stand establishment is one of the major obstacles for achieving potential yield of dry direct-seeded rice ( Oryza sativa L.). In the present study, seed priming technique was explored for improving germination and crop performance of dry direct-seeded rice. Seed-priming treatments used during the investigation included untreated control, hydro-priming, water hardening, and osmo-hardening with KCl. Priming reduced mean germination time and improved germination index, seedling vigor index, and germination energy. Hydro-priming was the best treatment, followed by water hardening, in improving seedling growth, leaf area index, panicles/m 2 , and grain yield of dry direct-seeded rice.
An abiotic stress such as low temperature or frost poses serious challenge for proper growth and development of the crop.The study was carried out for two consecutive years to investigate the effect of mixed cropping (berseem + oat vs pure berseem) and two bio-regulators (H 2 SO 4 and Thiourea) applied at different concentrations (0.05 and 0.1%) during low temperature conditions on growth, fodder yield and seed yield of berseem. Berseem + oat cropping recorded significantly higher green fodder yield, dry matter yield and crude protein yield by 7.0%, 6.1 % and 3.4% respectively over pure stand. Bio-regulators sprays viz. H 2 SO 4 and Thiourea after first cut recorded 5.2-11.2% increase in green fodder yield. Berseem seed yield and harvest index were significantly superior in pure stand than intercrops. An increase of 21.4% in berseem seed yield was recorded with foliar sprays of 0.05% TU over control.
Pre-anthesis carbon assimilation of stem reserves is considered as an important source for grain filling during post anthesis drought stresses that inhibit photosynthesis. 175 RILs from cross (C518/2*PBW343) along with check cultivars were evaluated for stem reserve mobilization under irrigated and rainfed conditions. These two cultivars belonging to distinct adaptation mechanism, offer several morpho-physiological and biochemical contrasts. C 518 is tall and adapted to low input rainfed conditions whereas PBW 343 is semi -dwarf and input responsive. Further C 518 is known for better stem reserves on account of larger peduncle and strong commitment to grain filling due to effective stem reserve mobilization. The parents and the RIL population was tested for stem reserve mobilization by defoliation of flag leaf and second leaf at anthesis under irrigated and rainfed environments. Evaluated entries differed significantly (p<0.001) for reduction in 1000 grain weight under defoliation (TGWL). Percent reduction in 1000 grain weight ranged from 4.4 % to 39.6 % under irrigated environment and 3.2 % to 35.0 under rainfed condition. A significant positive correlation (r = +0.357) between stem reserve mobilization and peduncle length was observed under rainfed condition. Tested RILs vary individually for stem reserve mobilization when subjected to removal of flag leaf and second leaf inhibiting the photosynthesis. The genotypes with better stem reserve mobilization based on 1000 grain weight in the absence of photosynthesis may also provide relative tolerance to drought.
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