No abstract

Overall manual accuracy and motion frequency in simulated microsurgery have been studied. Eye surgeons were tested in two tasks: attempting to hold an instrument still, and repeatedly actuating. Rms error and overall motion range were measured. Spectral analysis was also performed. The average rms error was 49 µm and 133 µm, respectively, for the two test conditions, and the average range of motion while trying to hold still was 202 µm. Substantial low frequency motion occurred under both conditions. On average, 98.9% of the total power of voluntary movements tested was found to be below 2 Hz.