L'autcur présente d'abord un vaste projet d'étude multiculturelle des relations entre les aptitudes et le milieu, entreprise dont il décrit les objectifs et souligne l'intérět. En guise d'illustration partielle de cette recherche, il nous propose une comparaison portant sur des groupes de jeunes adolescents issus de deux écologies très contrastées: des Esquimaux canadiens dont la subsistance est basée sur la chasse et des Nsenga de Zambie dont l'économie est de type agricole. Les résultats à une importante série d'épreuves d'aptitudes intellectuelles sont mis en rapport avec un certain nombre de variables psychosociales. Les analyses factorielles font émerger des modéles quelque peu différents d'organisation hiérarchique des aptitudes dont quelques interprétations sont proposées.

SUMMARY. This study was designed to investigate the extent of socioeconomic bias in selected intelligence tests, with a view to identifying and constructing instruments which might better estimate the intellectual potential of pupils from deprived cultural and educational backgrounds. For such pupils the conventional intelligence test is unsuitable as a predictor of later educational progress if adaptive treatment reduces the effects of their educational handicaps.Nine promising culture-reduced tests and subtests were administered to a representative Edmonton sample of 27 1 twelve and thirteen-year-old children, and the results analysed in relation to measures of socio-economic status, verbal intelligence, achievement and school marks. City-wide testing surveys conducted during the previous four years provided data on the same children, making longitudinal comparisons possible. The results supported the hypothesis that it is possible to measure a broad component of intellectual ability with significantly less cultural bias than is found in the conventional intelligence test. Raven's Progressive Matrices proved the most useful test in the battery since it showed high g loading, consistent and minimal relation with socioeconomic status, no evidence of cultural bias by items, and moderate correlations with school marks. The Cattell test of g and the Lorge-Thorndike Figure Analogies subtest showed similar promise, since they met most of the criteria of the study in shorter testing time.

Capacitis diffirentielles des jeunes indigines nord-canadiens. -L'A. pense 207-229.of Education, 1962, 337-352.

Factor analysis of a number of ability tests for Eskimo, White, and Indian-Metis pupils aged 9 to 12 years indicated for each sample two highly correlated oblique factors labelled v:ed and reasoning from non-verbal stimuli. When the native pupils were scored on white T-score norms, least ethnic differences and least decline with age relative to the white pupils occurred in the latter abilities. Written memory was an outstanding exception. There were almost no sex differences for any of the samples. Some implications for practice and further research are discussed.

Diffirences sel'on le sexe dam la dQendance vis-24s du champ cbex lesEsqtrimaax. -Bien que dans de nombreuses cultures, des differences selon 1e sexe aient it6 trouvtes dans la dkpendance v i s -h i s du champ, Berry n'en trouve aucune chez des Esquimaux de 1'Est. Une rtplique de son etude sur des Esquimaux de 1'Ouest confirme l'hypothkse que ces differences, telles qu'on les observe dans d'autres cultures, peuvent ttre dues largement i l'influence de l'environnement.