This contribution describes the synthesis and structural investigation of the symmetric and nonsymmetric oxamides N,N Ј-bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)oxamide 1, N,N Ј-bis(5-tert-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)oxamide 2, N,N Ј-bis(3,5-dimethyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)oxamide 3, N,N Ј-bis(2-hydroxybenzyl)oxamide 4, N,N Ј-diphenethyloxamide 5, N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-N Ј-(2-methoxyphenyl)oxamide 6, N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-N Ј-phenethyloxamide 7, (1S,2R)-(؊)-N-(2-hydroxyphenylcarbamoylcarbonyl)norephedrine 8, (1R,2S)-(؊)-N-(2-hydroxyphenylcarbamoylcarbonyl) 9, ethyl N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)oxalamate 10 and ethyl N-(2-methoxyphenyl)oxalamate 11. The structures were established by 1 H, 13 C, 15 N and variable temperature NMR spectroscopy. Compounds 1-4 and 6-11 are stabilized by intramolecular three-center hydrogen bonding between the amide proton and two oxygen atoms. The 1 H NMR / T value of the amide proton correlates with the 15 N NMR chemical shift. The X-ray diffraction molecular structures of 1 and 11 showed a planar conformation with trans configuration in the solid state, corresponding to the preferred conformation found in solution.
Amoebiasis is a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries. Although a number of antiamoebic agents are used for its treatment and the molecular targets of these drugs have been identified, the biochemical and physiological mechanisms that produce trophozoite death are little known. The present study dates the in vitro induction of programmed cell death (PCD) in E. histolytica by emetine. Morphologically, the emetine incubation reduces cytoplasmic volume, produce nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation, maintaining the plasma membrane integrity; biochemically, the morphological changes are in concordance with the overproduction of reactive oxygen species inside trophozoites. These results provide the first insight related the cellular mechanisms of emetine action.
We evaluate the long-term visual, refractive, and keratometric outcomes after corneal crosslinking (CXL) in patients with progressive keratoconus (KC) and the incidence of an extreme corneal flattening effect.
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