Concrete is most widely used construction material. Because of its specialty of being cast in any desirable shape, it has replaced stone and brick masonry. In spite of all this, it has some serious deficiencies such as lack of tensile strength, ductility etc. To improve the deficiencies steel fibres are added to the concrete, known as fibre reinforced concrete which is an emerging technology used in the construction industry. Fibre reinforced concrete is a concrete containing fibrous material which increases its structural integrity. It contains short discrete fibres that are uniformly distributed and randomly oriented. The addition of steel fibres to cement concrete leads to improvement in several properties of concrete. In this project the behaviour of HPFRC are studied and compared with conventional beams. Totally four numbers of beams were cast and tested for its cyclic behaviour. The specimen is incorporated with Hooked End and Crimpled fibres in the mix proportion of 70%-30% by volume at a total volume fraction of 1.5%. Silica fume and super plasticizers are added to modify the properties of concrete. The beams were subjected to single point cyclic loading by means of screw jack and the deflection is measured by using dial gauge. The load deflection behavior for all the beams were drawn and the important parameters like load carrying capacity, ductility, energy absorption, stiffness, first crack load and ultimate load has been studied and compared with other specimens. FRC is used in repairs and rehabilitation of marine structures such as concrete pilling and caissons.
Determination of design lateral forces is the primary requirement of seismic analysis and design of a structure. The aim of this work is to analyse and design multi-storeyed RC frames for earthquake forces for different seismic zones in India. The lateral forces due to Earthquake were evaluated as per IS1893 (Part1):2002, by Response Spectrum method and Seismic coefficient method by programs developed in MATLAB. Also increase in cost of construction of earthquake resistant frames is compared with that of the conventional design by analysing a twelve storey building with Ordinary Moment Resisting Frame (OMRF) and Special Moment Resisting Frame (SMRF). Lateral forces on the SMRF and OMRF due to earthquake in all zones of India were obtained by using the MATLAB program for Seismic co-efficient method and the analysis and design for critical load combinations were carried out in STAAD. Pro. It is found that there is only a marginal increase in cost of 8% to 40% for both the type of construction in zone II to IV from the conventional frame. While increase in cost of construction in zone V is 50 % and 53% respectively for SMRF and OMRF. Hence it is advisable to design multi-storeyed RC frames considering seismic forces in all earthquake zones of India and also as a Special Moment Resisting Frame for the safety of men and material
Engineering decisions must be made in the presence of uncertainties which are invariably present in practice. In the presence of uncertainties in the various parameters encountered in analysis and design, achievement of absolute safety is impossible. In structural reliability, the probability of failure (which is taken as one minus reliability) is taken as quantitative measure of structural safety. Probabilistic concepts are used in reliability analysis, and in the design of structures. Using structural reliability theory, the level of reliability of the existing structures (structures designed by existing structural standards) can be evaluated. In this work, various probabilistic concepts for Reliability based design are studied. A limited study of System Reliability of RC Counterfort Retaining wall, based on certain assumptions is made in this project. A MATLAB program has been written for analysis and design RC Counterfort Retaining Wall as per IS 456-2000. One more program has also been written for computing the reliability of the designed retaining wall. For the considered system, the safety margin equations have been developed for various failure modes. Angle of internal friction of backfill material, SBC of the foundation soil, characteristic strength of steel and concrete are considered as random variables in our project.
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