We develop an alternative systematic approach to the AKNS hierarchy based on elementary algebraic methods. In particular, we recursively construct Lax pairs for the entire AKNS hierarchy by introducing a fundamental polynomial formalism and establish the basic algebro-geometric setting including associated Burchnall-Chaundy curves, Baker-Akhiezer functions, trace formulas, Dubrovin-type equations for analogs of Dirichlet and Neumann divisors, and theta function representations for algebro-geometric solutions.
Abstract. A natural algebraic approach to the KdV hierarchy and its algebro-geometric finite-gap solutions is developed. In addition, a new derivation of associated higher-order trace formulas in connection with one-dimensional Schrödinger operators is presented.
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