Natural-based composite’s progress as carriers has revealed many benefits in biomedicine, notably in the construction field, synthetic biology, and genetic engineering. Compared to analogous composites without nanoparticles, incorporating nanoparticles into polymeric materials improved architectural performance, physiological connections, and ecological features. The major goal of the current investigation is to determine the impact of nano-/micro-TiO2 on the mechanical characteristics of kenaf/glass/epoxy hybrids. The samples have been created using a hand layup method and a variety of filler loading and stacking sequences. The addition of nano-/microfiller significantly improved the mechanical performance of the epoxy/hybrid composite material. It was discovered that nanofiller-added composite materials fared better when composites were compared to and without microfilter-added composites. SEM was used to investigate the microstructure of the interfaces to ensure a good understanding of interfacial adherence between the reinforcement and their matrix. Compared to pure epoxy resin, the 15 wt% of microfiller additions of glass-kenaf-kenaf-glass type composites exhibit a 39.48% improvement in tensile and a 42.88% improvement in flexural. Similarly, 5 wt% nanofiller addition reveals a 44.214% improvement in tensile and a 50.50% improvement in flexural.

In this research, the first work was carried out to manufacture MgO-based metal matrix composite containing 3 wt%. Sintering parameters, such as temperature, pressure, and time were subjected to Taguchi analysis to identify the most significant effect on magnesium oxide physical and mechanical characteristics. The impact of each sintering parameter explores using the analysis of variance-structure and microstructure analysis using XRD and EDS-equipped FE-SEM. The mechanical properties of the composite are evaluated by testing its Rockwell hardness (HR) and Vickers hardness (HV). The results showed that sintering temperature was the most influential of the sintering factors on microhardness. Densification at its peak was 100%, while it peaked at 62.19 Rockwell hardness and 58.7 Vickers hardness.

Nanoparticles of titanium diboride (TiB2) coated with a conductive polymer and subjected to an oxidizing agent was carried out in this research. TiB2 nanoparticles coated with polypyrrole (PPy) were studied using XRD and TEM techniques. Nitrogen adsorption and desorption properties of nanoparticles are covered with modified polypyrrole to understand better the surface zone, structural features, and pore geometries of the nanoparticles. The water-based hazardous anionic Congo red (CR) dye was removed using polypyrrole-coated titanium diboride (PPy@TiB2) nanoparticles. Numerous cutting-edge experimental techniques, including FTIR, FE-SEM, EDXS, and element mapping analysis, were used to confirm the CR color’s adhesion to the PPy@TiB2 nanoadsorbent study. While conducting batch experiments, coated TiB2 nanoadsorbents with polypyrrole enhanced the adsorption behaviour. One of the factors evaluated in the adsorption tests was pH; another was contact time, and a third was dose. At pH = 4 , 98.75% of Congo red dye was detached using 60 mg of PPy-coated TiB2 nanoadsorbent. Several sorption-desorption cycles were performed on this nanoadsorbent to determine its reusability. An excellent adsorption capacity for water treatment is reported in PPy-coated TiB2 nanoadsorbent.

Dye wastewater from industries poses significant health hazards to the environment, so it is important to limit its discharge into receiving waters. This overview discusses several feasible, low-cost treatment methods, which includes biological, chemical and physical approaches. Adsorption and membrane filtration are the two common and widely acceptable physical methods, whereas chemical (or widely known as oxidative methods include Fenton treatment, ozone treatment, H2O2 UV irradiation, hydrogen peroxide, NaOCl, ion-exchange, electrocoagulation, reverse process, nanofiltration, etc.). Biodegradation can occur either aerobically or anaerobically, and both of these are examples of the biological techniques. When it comes to the treatment of wastewater effluents from the textile industry, there are primarily two areas of concern: selecting the appropriate technology and developing an appropriate treatment strategy. However, The treatment of dye solutions typically depends heavily on electrochemical processes.

The corrosion inhibitive behaviour of t(3)-Methyl-r(2),c(6)-diphenyl-piperidin-4-one (3MDPP) and gum exudates of Astragalus genus (GTP) on mild steel in 1 N HCl were studied using weight loss measurements for 1 h immersion period at 303-323 K. The corrosion rate of mild steel directly varies with temperature whereas it varies inversely with concentration. The synergistic influence of different concen-trations of GTP on 3MDPP was analyzed at 303-323 K using weight loss technique. The icorr, Ecorr, Rct and Cdl values were obtained for 3MDPP, GTP and the mixture of GTP and 3MDPP (binary mixture). The calculated values of Ea, ΔH*, ΔS* and ΔG°ads suggests the physical adsorption mechanism and it obeys Langmuir isotherm. The synergistic influence of GTP on 3MDPP is clear from the synergistic parameter value (> 1).