Fetus in fetu (FIF) is an extremely rare congenital anomaly in the pediatric age group. It is defined by the presence of an axial skeleton and well-formed internal organs in a fetiform mass. Only about 15 cases of intracranial FIF have been reported in the literature worldwide. We report a case of temporo-occipitocervical FIF. This 7-month-old female child presented to us with occipital swelling that she had had since birth. A soft swelling was palpable in the retroauricular region with extension into the neck. A few bony parts were palpable in the swelling. Imaging was suggestive of a multiseptate mass lesion in the right occipital region with intracranial, intraspinal and extracranial components. The patient underwent exploration and excision of the extracranial mass and retromastoid suboccipital craniectomy and decompression of the intracranial component. Different parts, such as a terminal ileum, cecum, appendix, femur, humerus and vertebral body, were identified within the mass. This case meets Willis' criteria as well as 4/5 criteria stated by Spencer for the diagnosis of this condition. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of temporo-occipitocervical FIF with a well-defined embryological spectrum. This also supports Spencer's hypothesis of abnormal twinning.
BACKGROUND: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is widely considered as the diagnostic technique of choice in the assessment of thyroid swellings. AIMS: The aim of this study is to determine the diagnostic precisions of FNAC of thyroid swellings performed and compare with other regions. SETTING AND DESIGN: The retrospective study of FNAC of thyroid swellings performed in the Department of Pathology Sri Devaraj Urs medical college, Kolar, during the period January 2000 to December 2004. The FNAC findings were correlated with the histopathological diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred twenty seven patients who had undergone FNAC during the study period were retrieved and information about age, sex, FNAC and Histopathological diagnoses were reviewed. The cytological results were classified as inadequate, benign, suspicious, and malignant. The histopathology diagnosis was classified as non-neoplastic and neoplastic. RESULTS: A total of 127 FNACs of thyroid lesions were done during the study period. The results of the FNA cytological diagnosis showed that two (1.6%) of the patients had FNAs, which were inadequate for cytological assessment, 114(90.6%) patients had benign lesions, 8 (6.8%) had lesions that were suspicious for malignancy, and three (1.4%) had malignant neoplasms. The correlation of the FNAC findings with the histopathological diagnosis, showed that our FNAC diagnostic accuracy rate was 96.3%, with a sensitivity of 65%, and specificity of 99.9%. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study are comparable with the other data and demonstrate that FNA cytology is a sensitive, specific and accurate initial diagnostic test for thyroid swellings.
Female Genital Tract Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, being usually secondary to tuberculosis of the lungs. In Female Genital Tract Tuberculosis, fallopian tubes are affected in 90 percent woman, whereas uterine endometrium is affected in 70 percent and ovaries in about 20 percent. HIV induced immunosuppresion paves the way for several infections, tuberculosis being very common. This is a case of genital tuberculosis which was diagnosed after hysterectomy by histopathological examination in HIV patient. To describe an uncommon case of female genital tract tuberculosis diagnosed by histopathology. Total abdominal hysterectomy specimen was received. Brief clinical history was taken and clinical examination was done. Histopathological examination of hematoxylin & eosin stained sections was done. AFB staining was done to look for bacilli. Sections studied from endometrium and cervix revealed granulomas comprised of epithelioid cells, langhan's type of giant cells. Testing for Tuberculosis & HIV should be undertaken because these are the infections which can affect any organ in the body. In patients with extra pulmonary tuberculosis, early institution of therapy & close clinical monitoring are keys to timely diagnosis and treatment of such co-infections.
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