Nowadays, many industries are shown interest in the hybrid composites, natural fibers, and reinforced materials due to reduction of the weight. The reason is that it will not affect environmental conditions. This experimental investigation identified the mechanical properties of hybrid composites. The hybrid composite materials are extensively used by E-glass/epoxy, carbon, and titanium alloy. Composites have good strength and less weight. The highest challenge of the automobile industry is to replace the steel leaf spring instead of the composite leaf spring. The composite structures have been providing better corrosion resistance. The conventional leaf spring experimental results were compared to analytical results of composite leaf spring. The design, simulation, and maximum stresses were done with the help of Ansys Workbench 15. Ansys Workbench materials are selected by titanium alloy, epoxy glass, aluminum alloy, and epoxy carbon. The design parameters were selected and analyzed to compare stress, deformation, elastic strain, and weight of the composite leaf spring as compared to conventional steel leaf spring. Deflection results were identified in the mechanical properties of the leaf spring. It should absorb shock loads and vertical vibrations due to road abnormalities. The composite experimental samples were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy.
The present paper focuses on evaluating the bonding strength interfaces between the contact materials such as AISI 304L and Ti-6Al-4V via friction welding (FW). Experimental tests are performed by considering the process parameters such as friction time, rotational speed and friction pressure, mechanical properties were evaluated. The rotational speed of 1800, 1600, 2100, 2300 and 2500 rpm were considered in the study. The response surface methodology (RSM) is used to predict the outcomes of the work. Experimental tests were revealed that the friction pressure of 160 MPa, 7 sec of friction time and speed of 2300rpm are the optimal parameters based on the joint strength. Also, observed that the aluminum interlayer thickness of 1.25 µm on the Ti-6Al-4V side and 1.38 µm on the AISI 304L side. The tensile strength of 143.39 MPa was noticed at the interface area. The RSM response generates the curved potential line frequency range with 6.5% elongations. Results confirm that, the response surface methodology outcomes and experimental values were in close agreement.
Objective of this paper is study the bearing strength and failure modes of the Fiber Metal Laminates prepared by hand layup technique in two different stacking sequences. Parameters like ratio of hole distance to hole diameter (e/D), ratio to the width of composite to hole diameter (W/D) are varied during the experiment. Hole diameter is kept constant as 6mm and e value is taken as 6mm, 12mm, 18mm, 24mm, 30mm and 36mm. Similarly the width of the FML specimen is maintained as 24mm and 36mm respectively. Results show that laminate with [Ca0°/Ca90°/Al/Ca90°/Ca0°]s orientation is having a bearing strength 3.94% higher than that of [Al/Ca0°/Ca90°/Al/Ca0°]s orientation. In terms of failure modes the specimens with distance-diameter ratio greater than 3 and the two width- diameter ratio 4 and 6 exhibited bearing failure. For smaller ratios, the failure is due to shear out which involves combination of bearing and net tension failure.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.