Natural resources are being continuously extracted for the production of concrete which leads to degradation of the ecosystem. This is also a challenge for sustainability to save Nature. This study seeks to identify a suitable replacement material for river sand and stone aggregate for the sustainable utilization of renewable sources. Manufactured sand (M-sand) from industrial by-products and coconut shell (CS), an agricultural waste, are the resources selected as replacement materials for sustainability. This study uses M-sand as fine aggregate and CS coarse aggregate in place of river sand (R-sand) and crushed stone aggregate (CSA) for concrete production, respectively. To prove that M-sand and CS are sustainable alternate materials, this study focused on the microstructural characteristics on concrete constituents and CS aggregate and also conducted on concrete produced using R-sand, M-sand and CS. Also, this study focused on the microstructural characteristics and properties of conventional concrete (CC) and coconut shell concrete (CSC) produced using both R-sand and M-sand. Since this study aims to find sustainable alternative materials for R-sand and CSA by M-sand and CS, its properties are studied and compared since microstructural characterization is very significant for concrete compatibility. Microstructural studies revealed that the use of M-sand does not affect the microstructural properties of concrete compared to R-sand concrete and rather it improves the strength of concrete. A similar same trend was observed when CS was used with M-sand compared to CS used with R-sand. Hence, this study strongly suggests that the use of M-sand in its place of R-sand and CS in its place of CSA are sustainable alternatives for the production of concrete so that natural resources can be saved and hence sustainability could be sustained.
The concrete production has a huge demand in aggregate and clay (bricks) source. In the year 2015, 48.3 billion tonnes of aggregates are utilized as construction material globally per year in which 2.2 billion tonnes of aggregates were used in India. To overcome the demand of aggregate glass waste materials can be used as alternate construction material. In the year 2019, 21 billion tonnes of glass waste has been produced in India out of which only 45% is recycled, which shows that there is a need for proper procurement and management of waste glass. This review illustrate about utilization of waste glass in construction material such as blocks. The main aim of the study is to gain knowledge about the mechanical properties and physical properties of the blocks and other products produced with waste glass, to reduce the waste glass in landfill by producing sustainable construction material and to overcome the demand of aggregates and clay.
Earthquakes not only kill the human beings but the structures too. Considering this above fact, there is a necessity to take care of the beam column joint region in a structure. Under seismic excitation, the bar segment joint district is subjected to even and the vertical shear force extents are normally commonly greater than those in the adjoining bits of the structural segments. In the event that the joint is not precisely nitty gritty, the shaft segment joint may end up plainly frail. To keep this, an adequate control ought to be given in the joint area. The seismic examination and outline technique ought to be utilised as a part of the plan of the building structures and their segments ought to be recommended in the segment. The building structures incorporate finish sidelong and vertical drive opposing frameworks fit for giving satisfactory quality. Stiffness and the vitality dissemination ability to withstand the outline ground movements inside the recommended furthest reaches of twisting and quality request. The plan ground movements are accepted to happen along any even headings of a building structure. This work focuses on behaviour of M20 concrete in beam-column joint subjected to seismic loading, by using steel fibre (1.5%). The specimens detailed as per IS: 456-2000 and IS: 13920-1993 were casted and tested under cyclic and reverse cyclic loading. The parameters analysed were ductility, energy dissipation, load v/s displacement curve, beamcolumn reinforcement strain and crack pattern. From the experimental investigation, it is found that the fibre reinforced beam-column joint with fibre (1.50% of steel fibre) performs better ductility, load carrying capacity, energy dissipation and strength by 10% more than conventional reinforced beam-column joint.
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