Financial transaction through smart mobile devices is an attractive feature in today's modern wireless network era. Despite having various advantages, privacy and security are always challenging in such services. A novel hybrid security scheme based on physical layer signature and cryptography has been proposed to provide a secured authentication scheme preserving user's privacy, for the application of mobile payments. This scheme provides two levels of authentication, privacy preserving location authentication and device authentication. User's privacy is preserved by encrypting the identity of the user by physical layer encryption based on user's location. Physical layer signatures such as channel state information and carrier frequency offset are used for physical layer encryption. In conventional techniques, Media Access Control (MAC) address is used for initial authentication and they are shared without encryption. In this proposed technique, MAC is encrypted using the secret key derived from physical layer signatures using Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) to preserve privacy. Since secret key, generated using SVD, is location specific and varies with respect to the location, it is used for the location authentication. User authentication, required for mobile payment, is realised using asymmetric key cryptography technique. Since, physical layer security is used for privacy preserving location authentication in addition to the conventional cryptographic methods, the proposed method provides significant improvement in the security. The performance of the proposed method has been analysed in terms of information leakage to adversary, bit error rate performance, and transaction time in comparison with existing method which uses cryptography and provides only device authentication for mobile payment. The proposed technique gives better performance than existing technique in terms of privacy and authentication for mobile payment.
In recent times, Electro-Mechanical Actuator (EMA) is widely employed in various aerospace applications because of its compactness, ease of maintenance, and cost efficiency. It attracts most of the researcher for simulation and performance analysis. It is very much important to study its control system behaviour. In general, EMA requires, three loop cascade control, but for aerospace application two loop cascade control is used for speed and position controls due to dynamic load changing requirement. Most research efforts on EMA system has used a transfer function model of all its subsystems. Nevertheless, this technique does not yield complete outcomes for analysing its performance. To analyse its performance and characteristics in dynamic condition, an experimental model is essential. In addition, this model needs to cater for analysing performance of different capacity EMA. The primary goal of this work is to simulate unique EMA model with position control using a practical data and analyse its performance. In this design, EMA is modelled by three-phase Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motor, six-step commutation logic, a speed sensor (Tacho) and a position sensor using Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT). Position and speed controls are handled by Proportional (P) and Proportional plus Integral (PI) controllers respectively. The process reaction curve method is used to tune the controllers. This tuning approach is adequate to enable accurate and robust speed and position control. This paper focus on the simulation and performance analysis of a practical EMA system with position and speed controls in matlab-simulink. The performance analysis results shows that simulated model characteristic is close to physical system and reliable.
With the fast development in services related to localisation, location-based service (LBS) gains more importance amongst all the mobile wireless services. To avail the service in the LBS system, information about the location and identity of the user has to be provided to the service provider. The service provider authenticates the user based on their identity and location before providing services. In general, sharing location information and preserving the user’s privacy is a highly challenging task in conventional authentication techniques. To resolve these challenges in authenticating the users, retaining users’ privacy, a new SVD (singular value decomposition) based Privacy Preserved Location Authentication Scheme (SPPLAS) has been proposed. In this proposed method, physical layer signatures such as channel state information (CSI) and carrier frequency offset (CFO) are used for generating secret key required for encrypting the user’s location and identity information, and thus encrypted user’s information is sent to service provider for authentication. Secret key is generated by applying SVD on CSI vector. The proposed scheme aids in authenticating the user through location information while protecting the user’s privacy. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated in terms of bit mismatch, leakage and bit error rate performance of receiver and adversary. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme achieves better robustness and security than the existing location-based authentication techniques.
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