Background Undergraduate medical students in India participate in various research activities However, plagiarism is rampant, and we hypothesize that it is the lack of knowledge on how to avoid plagiarism. This study’s objective was to measure the extent of knowledge and attitudes towards plagiarism among undergraduate medical students in India. Methods It was a multicentre, cross-sectional study conducted over a two-year period (January 2018 – December 2019). Undergraduate medical students were given a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire which contained: (a) Demographic details; (b) A quiz developed by Indiana University, USA to assess knowledge; and (c) Attitudes towards Plagiarism (ATP) questionnaire. Results Eleven medical colleges (n = 4 government medical colleges [GMCs] and n = 7 private medical colleges [PMCs]) participated. A total of N = 4183 students consented. The mean (SD) knowledge score was 4.54 (1.78) out of 10. The factors (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]; 95% Confidence interval [CI]; p value) that emerged as significant predictors of poor knowledge score were early years of medical education (0.110; 0.063, 0.156; < 0.001) and being enrolled in a GMC (0.348; 0.233, 0.463; < 0.001).The overall mean (SD) scores of the three attitude components namely permissive, critical and submissive norms were 37.56 (5.25), 20.35 (4.20) and 31.20 (4.28) respectively, corresponding to the moderate category. Conclusion The overall knowledge score was poor. A vast majority of study participants fell in the moderate category of attitude score. These findings warrant the need for incorporating formal training in the medical education curriculum.
ObjectivesThough dissertation is mandatory for postgraduates (PG), it is unknown if adequate knowledge on plagiarism exists at that level. Thus, we intended to study the knowledge and attitude towards plagiarism among junior doctors in India.DesignCross-sectional studySettingPG medical residents and Junior faculty from various teaching institutions across south India.ParticipantsA total of N=786 doctors filled the questionnaires of which approximately 42.7% were from government medical colleges (GMCs) and the rest from private institutions.MethodsParticipants were given a pretested semistructured questionnaire which contained: (1) demographic details; (2) a quiz developed by Indiana University, USA to assess knowledge and (3) Attitudes towards Plagiarism Questionnaire (ATPQ).Outcome measuresThe Primary outcome measure was knowledge about plagiarism. The secondary outcome measure was ATPQ scores.ResultsA total of N=786 resident doctors and junior faculty from across 11 institutions participated in this study. Of this, 42.7% were from GMCs and 60.6% were women. The mean (SD) knowledge score was 4.43 (1.99) out of 10. The factors (adjusted OR; 95% CI; p value) that emerged as significant predictors of knowledge were number of years in profession (−0.181; −0.299 to –0.062; 0.003), no previous publication (0.298; 0.099 to 0.498; 0.003) and working in a GMC (0.400; 0.106 to 0.694; 0.008). The overall mean (SD) scores of the three attitude components were: Permissive attitudes—37.33 (5.33), critical attitudes —20.32 (4.82) and subjective norms—31.05 (4.58), all of which corresponded to the moderate category.ConclusionParticipants lacked adequate knowledge on how to avoid plagiarism suggesting a need for a revamp in medical education curriculum in India by incorporating research and publication ethics.
BACKGROUNDNormally, the arch of aorta gives three branches-brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid and left subclavian arteries. The variations in the branching pattern of aortic arch are numerous due to the altered development of the fourth aortic arch during the embryonic period of gestation. These variations maybe of great surgical importance. Many variations occur in the number and position of vessels arising from the aortic arch. Variations in the branching pattern of aorta are due to the altered development of the fourth aortic arch during the embryonic period of gestation. Aortic arch in human is produced by the persistence and development of the left fourth arch. Usually, the arch of aorta gives three branches, i.e. brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid and left subclavian arteries. The variations of branching patterns of aortic arch are numerous. Although, many of these variations cause no disturbance in the functions of the body, they may be of great importance to the surgeon. MATERIALS AND METHODS50 human cadaveric hearts with intact arch of aortae from the Department of Anatomy, Government T.D. Medical College, Alappuzha, Kerala, were used to study its branching patterns. RESULTSThe usual branching pattern of aorta into three branches, i.e. brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid and left subclavian arteries was found in 78%. In 14%, the aortic arch gave rise to two branches, a common trunk (for left common carotid and brachiocephalic trunk) and a left subclavian artery. In 8%, the aortic arch gave rise to four branches, namely brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid, left vertebral and left subclavian arteries. CONCLUSIONThe arch of aorta maybe of different branching patterns due to developmental variations. A knowledge about the variations of branching patterns of arch of aorta will help the surgeon during cardiothoracic surgeries.
Introduction: In human anatomy the acetabulum is a cavity on the lateral aspect of the hip-bone. The purpose of this study is to record the depth and diameter of the acetabulum cavity to accumulate morphological data helpful for anthropologists, Forensic medicine experts and orthopedicians. Materials And Methods: The study was done on 88 adult human hip bones (42 right and 46 left) collected from Department of Anatomy, Govt.T.D Medical College, Alappuzha, Kerala state. The diameters and maximum depth were measured using digital vernier calliper. The measurements were compared with other studies in the world. The mean diam Results: eter of acetabulum was 48.08 ± 3.21mm, 44.16 ± 2.60 mm in male and female respectively. The mean ± S.D value of depth was 29.11± 2.37 and 27.20± 2.01 mm. in male and female respectively. The correlation between depth and diameter was signicant only in the right male hip bones. There is signicant variation in the Conclusion: anatomical parameters of hip bone between different Indian population groups. The data from this study may be used for designing population specic hip prosthesis.
BACKGROUNDTen bronchopulmonary segments are described for each lung. Foreign bodies and other aspirated materials tend to enter the right instead of the left bronchus, because the former is wider and more in continuation with the trachea and from there to the apical bronchus of the lower lobe. So the right lower lobe was selected for a study by dissection. The bronchopulmonary segments of inferior lobe of right lung are 5 in number-superior (apical), medial basal, anterior basal, lateral basal and posterior basal. Some workers consider an occasional segment, which arises as a separate bronchus from the right inferior lobar bronchus below the apical bronchus, which they term as subapical segment.
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