A type of cancer that affects the blood-forming tissues in the body including lymphatic system and bone marrow is Leukemia. The second most commonly occurring acute leukemia is the acute lymphoblastic leukemia or acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Around 25% of the cases are observed to be due to malignant T-cell precursors while the remaining 75% of cases is due to precursors of B-cell lineage. In general, response to chemotherapy, white blood cell count and age are the clinical factors that contribute towards risk stratification. However, in recent years it has been identified that genetic alterations have enabled between individual prognosis and recovery. Despite advancement in technology, chemotherapy using anthracycline, corticosteroids and vincristine serves to be the backbone therapy to treat this disease. In this proposed work, we have used a deep convolutional neural network to detect the presence of ALL accurately and based on the image screened, it is further categorized into one of the 4 subclasses. Using Capsule network algorithm (CapsNet), we have established 100% average sensitivity for ALL detection with a highest specificity of 99.56%, precision of 99.82% and accuracy of 99.36%. When compared with other similar methodologies, we have been able to accomplish higher accuracy without microscopic image segmentation using capsule network algorithm.
The Ferula asafetida (F. asafoetida) root exudates proteins were hydrolyzed using gastric digestive enzyme to identify the antioxidant peptides. F. asafoetida root protein was hydrolyzed using gastrointestinal enzymes (pepsin, Papain, trypsin and α-chymotrypsin) and purified by gel filtration chromatography (fast protein liquid chromatography, FPLC). The fractions F1, F2, F3, F6, F7, F8, and F9 were collected and screened for radical scavenging activity. Antioxidant activities of hydrolysate were evaluated using 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) and superoxide radical scavenging activity in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) multimode reader. Results showed that the activity of quenched free radicals (ABTS + , FRAP and superoxide) was altered in a concentration-dependent manner. Fraction F1 showed highest scavenging activity than that of other fractions and it showed comparatively enhanced reducing power activity with butylated hydroxyanisole. Among three assays, ABTS showed better result than that of others. Further studies are still needed to find out the amino acid sequence responsible for antioxidant activity.
Keywords:
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.