We present the results of a phenomenological study of unpolarized nuclear structure functions for a wide kinematical region of x and Q 2 . As a basis of our phenomenology we develop a model which takes into account a number of different nuclear effects including nuclear shadowing, Fermi motion and binding, nuclear pion excess and off-shell correction to bound nucleon structure functions. Within this approach we perform a statistical analysis of available data on the ratio of the nuclear structure functions F 2 for different nuclei in the range from the deuteron to the lead. We express the off-shell effect and the effective scattering amplitude describing nuclear shadowing in terms of few parameters which are common to all nuclei and have a clear physical interpretation. The parameters are then extracted from statistical analysis of data. As a result, we obtain an excellent overall agreement between our calculations and data in the entire kinematical region of x and Q 2 . We discuss a number of applications of our model which include the calculation of the deuteron structure functions, nuclear valence and sea quark distributions and nuclear structure functions for neutrino charged-current scattering. * kulagin@ms2.inr.ac.ru † Roberto.Petti@cern.ch

The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early Universe, the dynamics of the supernova bursts that produced the heavy elements necessary for life and whether protons eventually decay -these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our Universe, its current state and its eventual fate. The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) represents an extensively developed plan for a world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions.Experiments carried out over the past half century have revealed that neutrinos are found in three states, or flavors, and can transform from one flavor into another. These results indicate that each neutrino flavor state is a mixture of three different nonzero mass states, and to date offer the most compelling evidence for physics beyond the Standard Model. In a single experiment, LBNE will enable a broad exploration of the three-flavor model of neutrino physics with unprecedented detail. Chief among its potential discoveries is that of matter-antimatter asymmetries (through the mechanism of charge-parity violation) in neutrino flavor mixing -a step toward unraveling the mystery of matter generation in the early Universe. Independently, determination of the unknown neutrino mass ordering and precise measurement of neutrino mixing parameters by LBNE may reveal new fundamental symmetries of Nature.Grand Unified Theories, which attempt to describe the unification of the known forces, predict rates for proton decay that cover a range directly accessible with the next generation of large underground detectors such as LBNE's. The experiment's sensitivity to key proton decay channels will offer unique opportunities for the ground-breaking discovery of this phenomenon.Neutrinos emitted in the first few seconds of a core-collapse supernova carry with them the potential for great insight into the evolution of the Universe. LBNE's capability to collect and analyze this high-statistics neutrino signal from a supernova within our galaxy would provide a rare opportunity to peer inside a newly-formed neutron star and potentially witness the birth of a black hole.To achieve its goals, LBNE is conceived around three central components: (1) a new, highintensity neutrino source generated from a megawatt-class proton accelerator at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, (2) a fine-grained near neutrino detector installed just downstream of the source, and (3) a massive liquid argon time-projection chamber deployed as a far detector deep underground at the Sanford Underground Research Facility. This facility, located at the site of the former Homestake Mine in Lead, South Dakota, is ∼1,300 km from the neutrino source at Fermilab -a distance (baseline) that delivers optimal sensitivity to neutrino charge-parity symmetry violation and mass ordering effects. This ambitious yet cost-effective design incorporates scalability and flexibility and can accommodate a variety of upgrades and contributions.With its exceptional combi...

The NOvA experiment has seen a 4.4σ signal ofν e appearance in a 2 GeVν μ beam at a distance of 810 km. Using 12.33 × 10 20 protons on target delivered to the Fermilab NuMI neutrino beamline, the experiment recorded 27ν μ →ν e candidates with a background of 10.3 and 102ν μ →ν μ candidates. This new antineutrino data are combined with neutrino data to measure the parameters jΔm 2 32 j ¼ 2.48 þ0.11 −0.06 × 10 −3 eV 2 =c 4 and sin 2 θ 23 in the ranges from (0.53-0.60) and (0.45-0.48) in the normal neutrino mass hierarchy. The data exclude most values near δ CP ¼ π=2 for the inverted mass hierarchy by more than 3σ and favor the normal neutrino mass hierarchy by 1.9σ and θ 23 values in the upper octant by 1.6σ.

We have studied the muon neutrino and antineutrino quasi-elastic (QEL) scattering reactions (ν μ n → μ − p andν μ p → μ + n) using a set of experimental data collected by the NOMAD Collaboration. We have performed measurements of the cross-section of these processes on a nuclear target (mainly carbon) normalizing it to the total ν μ (ν μ ) charged-current cross section. The results for the flux-averaged QEL cross sections in the (anti)neutrino energy interval 3-100 GeV are σ qel ν μ = (0.92 ± 0.02(stat) ± 0.06(syst)) × 10 −38 cm 2 and σ qel ν μ = (0.81 ± 0.05(stat) ± 0.09(syst)) × 10 −38 cm 2 for neutrino and antineutrino, respectively. The axial mass parameter M A was extracted from the measured quasi-elastic neutrino cross section. The corresponding result is M A = 1.05±0.02(stat)±0.06(syst) GeV. It is consistent with the axial mass values recalculated from the antineutrino cross section and extracted from the pure Q 2 shape analysis of the high purity sample of ν μ quasielastic 2-track events, but has smaller systematic error and should be quoted as the main result of this work. Our measured M A is found to be in good agreement with the world average value obtained in previous deuterium filled bubble chamber experiments. The NOMAD measurement of M A is lower than those recently published by K2K and MiniBooNE Collaborations. However, within the large errors quoted by these experiments on M A , these results are compatible with the more precise NOMAD value.PACS 13.15.+g · 25.30.Pt

Future high-precision neutrino interaction experiments are needed to extend the current program of GeV-scale neutrino interactions and should include:1. A feasibility study of a high-statistics hydrogen or deuterium scattering experiment to supplement the currently poorly known (anti)neutrino-nucleon cross sections.2. The need for (anti)neutrino Ar scattering data in the energy range relevant for the DUNE experiment.3. The possibility of muon-based neutrino beams providing extremely accurate knowledge of the neutrino flux and an intense electron neutrino beam.• Current and future long-and short-baseline neutrino oscillation programs should evaluate and articulate what additional neutrino-nucleus interaction data is required to meet their ambitious goals and support experiments that provide this data.In addition to these general challenges facing the community, there are more specific concerns for particular topics and interaction channels. These are summarized below in the form of observations, problem description or recommendations. For a deeper insight, the reader is encouraged to consult the subsequent sections of this paper.