Newly emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has now spread across the globe in past few months while affecting 26 million people and leading to more than 0.85 million deaths as on 2nd September, 2020. Severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection increases in COVID-19 patients due to pre-existing health co-morbidities. This mini-review has focused on the three significant co-morbidities viz., heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes, which are posing high health concerns and increased mortality during this ongoing pandemic. The observed co-morbidities have been found to be associated with the increasing risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 critical illness as well as to be associated positively with the worsening of the health condition of COVID-19 suffering individuals resulting in the high risk for mortality. SARS-CoV-2 enters host cell via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors. Regulation of crucial cardiovascular functions and metabolisms like blood pressure and sugar levels are being carried out by ACE2. This might be one of the reasons that contribute to the higher mortality in COVID-19 patients having co-morbidities. Clinical investigations have identified higher levels of creatinine, cardiac troponin I, alanine aminotransferase, NT-proBNP, creatine kinase, D-dimer, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase in patients who have succumbed to death from COVID-19 as compared to recovered individuals. More investigations are required to identify the modes behind increased mortality in COVID-19 patients having co-morbidities of heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes. This will enable us to design and develop suitable therapeutic strategies for reducing the mortality. More attention and critical care need to be paid to such high risk patients suffering from co-morbidities during COVID-19 pandemic.
Background: The proportion of the elderly population is increasing in low and middle-income countries. Apart from systemic illnesses, elderly people face mental illnesses. Effect of group reminiscence therapy in reducing some of the mental health aspects showing a promising effect but the evidence is lacking in Indian settings. The present study aimed to determine the effect of reminiscence therapy in decreasing the level of loneliness, depressive symptoms, and anxiety among the elderly population at an institutional level.Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, residents of an old age home were evaluated for loneliness, depressive symptoms and anxiety through revised UCLA, geriatric depression scale, and Geriatric Anxiety Scale respectively. Group reminiscence therapy was applied to them and post-intervention assessment was done by the same scales.Results: Significant reduction of anxiety score [1.33 (0.03, 2.64)] was noticed in anxiety. Depressive symptoms showed a mean reduction in score [0.59 (-0.41, 1.6)] but statistically not significant. When graded into severity, all three outcomes showed improvement from higher severity grade to lower grade in post-intervention assessment. The intervention resulted in an improvement of 66.7% in depressive symptoms, 33.3% in anxiety and 30.8% in loneliness.Conclusions: The study found reminiscence therapy could be encouraging in resource-poor Indian settings. We recommend for further exploration of the long-term effects of this program, its feasibility, cost-effectiveness, and validation of the content for large-scale implementation.
Background :This study is to investigate the effects of immediate post operative orthopaedic Rehabilitationon lower limb. Orthopaedic internal fixations like proximal femoral nailing femur, Intramedullary nailingtibia to reduce fear avoidance belief and early ambulation. Which reduces the long stay duration in hospitaland prevent post operative stiffness, other complications. This early mobilization improvesresolution ofhealing of wounds and pain. When compare to conventional methods of physiotherapy.Materials and Methods: 45 subjects selected randomly and subdivided into 3 groups experiment. I=IPOR,n=15 Experiment II =conventional group, control group, n=15 subjects selected from inpatients postoperative orthopaedic wards both female and males selected subjects are n=15 in each group being to agegroup (30-56) both male and female patients with fractures femur and tibia respectively primary outcomemeasures assessed by 3 different assessment questionnaire fear avoidance belief questionnaire and visualanalogue pain scale for those who undergone physiotherapy for 10 days.Results :3 groups of 10 days under supervision by physiotherapist inpatient orthopaedic wards and pretherapyFABQ ( Fear avoidance belief questionnaire) and visual analogue scale pain scale questionnaire and posttherapy after 10 days given among 3 groups experimental group 1. IPOR shows significant improvementin fear avoidance belief and early ambulation. So this early mobilization reduces pain stiffness and reducesthe hospital stay. When compare to other 2 groups ‘P’ value shows difference, SD=+5 Anacova methodstatistical analysis done.Conclusion :Immediate post operative orthopaedic rehabilitation which is more beneficial and effectivein reducing, overcoming fear avoidance behaviour and enhances early ambulation which is more beneficialand enhances early ambulation which makes. Quick recovery in post operative orthopaedic surgeries whencompare to other methods
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