Fungal culture represents the «gold standard» for diagnosing infections caused by dermatophytes. However, laboratories and trained mycological staff are required for culture diagnostics. It is desirable to introduce methods for point-of-care diagnosis of dermatophytosis, which would be effective and easy to use. The aim of the study was the approbation of the domestic diagnostic media DTM-Expert for the diagnosis of human dermatophytosis in the conditions of dermatovenerological dispensaries. In two separated healthcare dispensaries, a cultural study of 40 clinical samples was conducted using DTM-Expert medium in parallel with Sabouraud medium. It was established that the isolation rate of dermatophytes on the DTM-Expert medium was 42.5%, while on the Sabouraud medium it was only 27.5%. Twelve isolates of Microsporum canis, 2 of Trichophyton rubrum, 3 of Microsporum spp. were isolated at DTM-Expert. Eleven isolates of M. canis were obtained on Sabouraud's medium, while T. rubrum was not isolated at all. Dermatophyte M. canis caused reddening of the DTM-Expert medium at 6.6 days on average, thus providing a quick visual indication of pathogens. Contamination on the experimental medium was observed in 5% of cases, and in 42.5% on the Sabouraud medium. The data obtained allow us to recommend the DTM-Expert diagnostic media for implementation in medical healthcare practice.
Microsporum canis is an important fungal pathogen that is mainly transmitted to humans from domestic animals. Different strains of M. canis vary in their ability to infect humans. Comparative studies of M. canis strains from humans and animals using MALDI mass spectrometry have not yet been published. In a comparative aspect, M. canis strains isolated from human (HS 09-18) and cat (FC 19-18) were studied. Comparison of the obtained mass spectra revealed that M. canis HS 09-18 displayed characteristic peaks with m/z 3339, 4287, 6485, 7740 and 8568, while M. canis FC 19-18 displayed unique peaks with m/z 5192, 7221 and 8049. Three peaks with maximum intensity with m/z 6112, 6828, 9625 were found in both M. canis strains. The dendrogram built on the basis of MALDI mass spectra revealed the clustering of M. canis strains in accordance with their origin: strains from cats and humans formed two separate clusters. Thus, clear differences were demonstrated between M. canis strains depending on the source of origin (cat and human). MALDI mass spectrometry makes it possible to carry out species identification, as well as to reveal intraspecific differences in M. canis. The mechanisms that allow dermatophytes to switch from zoophilic to anthropophilic behavior need to be further explored.
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