Purpose. To determine the long-term effect of a complex of factors (anthropogenic and natural) on the productivity of sugar beet for a significant period and the level of pest reproduction. Study of short crop rotations. Methods. Field, laboratory, statistical. Results. The uneven distribution of precipitation during the sugar beet growing season has differently affected the efficiency of fertilizer systems and, as a consequence, the growth, development of plants and the yield of root crops. Yield of sugar beets at constant sowing on average for five years was dynamic, but its highest productivity, regardless of the fertilizer system, was in the first years of research, from 29.7 to 39.1 t/ha (on average for 1978–1982). Further cultivation in monoculture has led to yield reduction. The highest yield of sugar per hectare was also observed in the first five years, and varied in different fertilizer treatments from 4.67 to 6.22 t/ha. The lowest yield was in 1988–1992 and 1998–2002, 2.71 to 4.42 t/ha and 2.23 to 4.53 t/ha, respectively. Sugar beet yield in crop rotation was influenced by both forecrop and aftercrop. On average, during the years of research (2011–2019), the highest yield (43.0 t/ha) was obtained in the three-field crop rotation winter wheat — spring barley — sugar beet, while the lowest (41.8 t/ha) in the crop rotation sunflower — winter wheat — sugar beet, slightly higher in the four-field crop rotation soybean — winter wheat — sugar beet — corn (42.3 t/ha). The yield of sugar during continuous sowing, on average during the study period, was 3.5–5.1 t/ha, while in crop rotation it was 7.7–8.3 t/ha. According to the results of the survey of crops in the cotyledon phase, it was found that in unchanged sowing the density of common beet weevil (Bothynoderes punctiventris Germ) is quite high, 8.8 beetles/m2 (average for 2006–2008) and exceeds the harmfulness threshold (0.2–0.3 beetless/m2) several times. At this density, the damage to plant seedlings was significant. Conclusions. The yield of sugar beet is influenced by both natural and anthropogenic factors. Of the anthropogenic, in addition to fertilizers, it is important to adhere to scientifically sound crop rotation. Long-term stationary studies have shown that the cultivation of sugar beet in monoculture leads to a gradual and stable decrease in yield and, consequently, the yield of sugar per hectare. The use of mineral and organic fertilizers helps to increase yields, but not significantly. In addition to weather conditions, the yield of sugar beet in crop rotation is influenced by forecrop and aftercrop. In the studied crop rotations, the lowest yield was obtained in the crop rotation where the forecrop of beets was sunflower, and the largest yield was obtained with legumes. Observance of crop rotation affects the phytosanitary condition of sowing; therefore, in monoculture, the density of common beet weevil is much higher than threshold, which leads to additional costs.
Aim. To determine the impact of long-term effect of the complex of factors (anthropogenic and climatic) on the soil fertility, the change in the phytocenosis of weeds and the productivity of winter rye at permanent cultivation. Methods. The content of nitrogen in soil was defi ned by Kornfi eld’s method, phosphorus and potassium – according to Chirikov; the content of non-organic chemical elements in the soil – by ICP-MS method using the emission mass-spectrometer Agilent-7700 × (USA). Results. It was determined that the average productivity of winter rye in 1884–2016 was 1.19 t/ha, but the level of crop productivity fl uctuated depending on the favorable weather conditions of the year, the quality of soil preparation and the content of productive moisture in the cultivated soil layer during sowing, and the weediness of the experimental sowing. Conclusions. The results of the studies may be used to solve the fundamental issues of agriculture, for comprehensive complex investigations, the demonstration of the role of the main factors and conditions of vegetative life.
To determine the influence of prolonged action of natural and anthropogenic factors on the phytosanitary condition (pests) of winter wheat and the dynamics of its performance for permanent cultivation. Methods. Field, statistical, laboratory. Results. The obtained results show that anthropogenic and natural factors have a certain influence on the distribution of pests in crops of winter wheat and the level of its performance. By the results of the monitoring of pests in the crops, it was found out that the greatest damage was done to them by Agrotis segetum and the larvae of grasshoppers. The average number of insects of Agrotis segetum for the duration of the study was 4.3 ins./m 2 , and of grasshoppers-8 ins./m 2. Among grasshoppers, the dominant species was Agriotes gurgistanus Fald.-52,5% in the species composition. Correlation link between the presence of pests in crops of winter wheat and the weather conditions and years of observation have shown their inverse relationship. The correlation coefficient between the number of pests and temperature and water regimes during the growing season were respectively-0,78...-0,62. Fertilization has a positive effect on the productivity of winter wheat even for permanent cultivation. So, on average for years of researches, the yield increase due to fertilizers was 8.3-9.5 t/ha. However, the imbalance of nitrogen and weather conditions (particularly soil moisture) can lead to lower yields. Therefore, before the application of fertilizers, it is recommended to carry out diagnostics of soil and plants as to the content of macro-elements. Conclusions. The correlative relationship is determined between the presence of pests in crops of winter wheat and weather conditions, which indicates their inverse relationship. It is established that the productivity of winter wheat over the years, not decreased. It is proved that the culture by its genetic characteristics can adapt to long cultivation in the same place. However, the study confirms the feasibility of compliance with science-based crop rotations.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.