Purpose To evaluate the outcome of treatment with methotrexate for noninfectious ocular inflammation. Design Retrospective cohort study. Participants Patients with noninfectious ocular inflammation managed at 4 tertiary ocular inflammation clinics in the United States observed to add methotrexate as a single, noncorticosteroid immunosuppressive agent to their treatment regimen, between 1979 and 2007, inclusive. Methods Participants were identified from the Systemic Immunosuppressive Therapy for Eye Diseases Cohort Study. Demographic and clinical characteristics, including dosage, route of administration of methotrexate, and main outcome measures, were obtained for every eye of every patient at every visit via medical record review by trained expert reviewers. Main Outcome Measures Control of inflammation, corticosteroid-sparing effects, and incidence of and reason for discontinuation of therapy. Results Among 384 patients (639 eyes) observed from the point of addition of methotrexate to an anti-inflammatory regimen, 32.8%, 9.9%, 21.4%, 14.6%, 15.1%, and 6.3%, respectively, had anterior uveitis, intermediate uveitis, posterior or panuveitis, scleritis, ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid, and other forms of ocular inflammation. In these groups, complete suppression of inflammation sustained for ≥28 days was achieved within 6 months in 55.6%, 47.4%, 38.6%, 56.4%, 39.5%, and 76.7%, respectively. Corticosteroid-sparing success (sustained suppression of inflammation with prednisone ≤10 mg/d) was achieved within 6 months among 46.1%, 41.3%, 20.7%, 37.3%, 36.5%, and 50.9%, respectively. Overall, success within 12 months was 66% and 58.4% for sustained control and corticosteroid sparing ≤10 mg), respectively. Methotrexate was discontinued within 1 year by 42% of patients. It was discontinued owing to ineffectiveness in 50 patients (13%); 60 patients (16%) discontinued because of side effects, which typically were reversible with dose reduction or discontinuation. Remission was seen in 43 patients, with 7.7% remitting within 1 year of treatment. Conclusions Our data suggest that adding methotrexate to an anti-inflammatory regimen not involving other noncorticosteroid immunosuppressive drugs is moderately effective for management of inflammatory activity and for achieving corticosteroid-sparing objectives, although many months may be required for therapeutic success. Methotrexate was well tolerated by most patients, and seems to convey little risk of serious side effects during treatment. Financial Disclosure(s) The authors have no proprietary or commercial interests in any of the materials discussed in this article.
Given sufficient time, mycophenolate mofetil was effective in managing ocular inflammation in approximately half of the treated patients. Treatment-limiting side effects were observed in 12% of patients and typically were reversible.
Purpose-To evaluate the clinical outcomes of cyclosporine treatment for non-infectious ocular inflammation Design-Retrospective cohort studyParticipants-Three hundred seventy-three patients with non-infectious ocular inflammation managed at four tertiary ocular inflammation clinics in the United States observed to use cyclosporine as a single non-corticosteroid immunosuppressive agent to their treatment regimen, between 1979-2007 inclusive. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Methods-Participants Precis:Within one year of cyclosporine therapy, about half of ocular inflammation patients achieved stable, complete inflammatory control, a minority achieved corticosteroid-sparing goals, and <10% successfully discontinued corticosteroids. Toxicity was frequent after 55 years of age. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptOphthalmology. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2011 March 1. Published in final edited form as:Ophthalmology. and main outcome measures were obtained for every eye of every patient at every visit via medical record review by trained expert reviewers. Main Outcome Measures: Control of inflammation, sustained control after reducing corticosteroid dosages, and discontinuation of therapy because of toxicity.Results-Of the 373 patients (681 eyes) initiating cyclosporine monotherapy, 33.4% by six months and 51.9% by one year gained sustained, complete control of inflammation over at least two visits spanning at least 28 days. Approximately 25% more improved to a level of slight inflammatory activity by each of these time points. Corticosteroid-sparing success (completely controlled inflammation for at least 28 days with prednisone 10 mg/day or less) was achieved by 22.1% by six months and 36.1% within one year. Toxicity led to discontinuation of therapy within one year by 10.7% of the population. Patients over 55 years of age were over 3-fold more likely to discontinue therapy because of toxicity than patients ages 18-39 years. Doses of 151-250 mg/day tended to be more successful than lower doses, and were not associated with a higher discontinuation for toxicity rate; higher doses did not appear to offer a therapeutic advantage.Conclusion-Cyclosporine, with corticosteroid therapy as indicated, was modestly effective for controlling ocular inflammation. Our data support a preference for cyclosporine adult dosing between 151-250 mg/day. While cyclosporine was tolerated by the majority of patients, toxicity was much more frequent with increasing age; alternative agents may be preferred for patients over 55 years of age.Cyclosporine (Cyclosporine A) ...
Purpose To describe the incidence of and risk factors for visual acuity (VA) loss and ocular complications in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)-associated uveitis. Design Multicenter retrospective cohort study. Participants 327 patients (596 affected eyes) with JIA-associated uveitis managed at five tertiary uveitis clinics in the United States. Methods Participants were identified from the Systemic Immunosuppressive Therapy for Eye Diseases (SITE) Cohort Study. Demographic and clinical characteristics were obtained for every eye of every patient at every visit via medical record review by trained expert reviewers. Main Outcome Measures Loss of VA to 20/50 or to 20/200 or worse thresholds and the development of ocular complications. Results At presentation, 240 (40.3%) eyes had a VA of 20/50 or worse; 144 (24.2%) had a VA of 20/200 or worse; 359 (60.2%) had at least one ocular complication. The incidences of VA loss to the 20/50 or worse and 20/200 or worse thresholds were 0.18 and 0.09 per eye-year (EY), respectively; the incidence of developing at least one new ocular complication over follow-up was 0.15/EY (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.13/EY, 0.17/EY). However, among eyes with uveitis that had no complications at presentation, the rate of developing at least one ocular complication during follow up was lower (0.04/EY, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.06). Posterior synechiae, active uveitis, and prior intraocular surgery were statistically significantly associated with VA to the 20/50 or worse and 20/200 or worse thresholds, both at presentation and during follow-up. Increasing (time-updated) anterior chamber cell grade was associated with increased rates of visual loss in a dose-dependent fashion. Use of immunosuppressive drugs was associated with a reduced the risk of visual loss, particularly for the 20/50 or worse outcome (hazard ratio = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.75, P<0.01). Conclusions Ocular complications and vision loss were common in our cohort. Increasing uveitis activity was associated with increased risk of vision loss and use of immunosuppressive drugs was associated with reduced risk of vision loss suggesting that control of inflammation and use of immunosuppression may be critical aspects in improving the outcomes of patients with JIA-related uveitis.
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