In this paper, a novel technology based on the zero CO2 emission MATIANT (contraction of the names of the two designers MAThieu and IANTovski) cycle is presented. This latter is basically a gas cycle and consists of a supercritical CO2 Rankine-like cycle on top of regenerative CO2 Brayton cycle. CO2 is the working fluid and O2 is the fuel oxidizer in the combustion chambers. The cycle uses the highest temperatures and pressures compatible with the most advanced materials in the steam and gas turbines. In addition, a reheat and a staged compression with intercooling are used. Therefore, the optimized cycle efficiency rises up to around 45 percent when operating on natural gas. A big asset of the system is its ability to remove the CO2 produced in the combustion process in liquid state and at high pressure, making it ready for transportation, for reuse or for final storage. The assets of the cycle are mentioned. The technical issues for the predesign of a prototype plant are reviewed.
In this paper, the mentioned cycle has been transformed in a CO2 regenerative Ericsson-like cycle and therefore is named E-MATIANT. The removed CO2 can still be available at a pressure higher than the critical one (73 bar). When optimising the cycle, the calculated optimum pressure will be around 60 bar; this makes the technical issues easier to deal with than when using a supercritical fluid, namely the material strains and corrosion behavior. A sensitivity analysis is performed with respect to the CO2 delivery pressure in order to evaluate the performance changes. The fuel flexibility is an important asset of the newly designed cycle: mixtures of CO and H2 produced either in gasification or steam reforming processes can indeed be burnt in the combustion chamber. In a future work, the combination of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and this cycle both fed by a CO and H2 mixture will be considered as an option for the improvement of the global efficiency. If not fixed in a chemical or biological system, the delivered CO2 can be used in industry or in the enhancement of fossil fuels recovery from their deposits, with a marginal compression consumption work. In this paper, CO2 injection is used to enhance methane recovery from coal seams by some 20 to 30%, in comparison with water pumping. The depleted seam can afterwards be used as the host site for long run CO2 sequestration. As a conclusion, the combination of quasi-zero emission power plants with CO2 geological storage and enhanced fuel recovery provides a CO2 flow, otherwise considered as a waste or a byproduct, with an exergetic and a commercial added value. This makes this option a serious alternative to other CO2 control technologies.
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