316 adults and children from an isolated community of Bali, Indonesia, have been tested for 18 red cell enzyme systems controlled by 24 loci, and haemoglobin. 13 loci were invariant. The other 11 loci showed variations similar to those found previously in Southeast Asian populations. Of special interest is the occurrence of lactate dehydrogenase Calcutta-1 variants, indicating Indian gene admixture, and PGM92, indicating a Melanesian genetic component. A few individuals were CA1 1–3Bali and this is possibly the same as other CA1 1–3 types found in the Philippines and Guam. Nearly 10% were glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficient and 2% carried Hb E. A fast electrophoretic variant of G6PD was detected in 5 persons. Two sub-groups of the population were studied. Gene frequencies in the Isolate supported the view that inbreeding and genetic drift have made this sub-group genetically distinct from the non-inbred part of the population.
320 adults and children of an isolated community of Bali, Indonesia, have been tested for blood groups ABO, Rh, MNS, P, Lewis, Duffy, Kell, for haptoglobin and transferrin and for hepatitis B surface antigen and antibodies. Phenotype distribution and gene frequencies are given for the total population tested and for two subgroups representative of the inbred population of the isolate and of the non-inbred part of the population. Significant differences between the two subgroups show a clear genetic drift in the inbred population. The study brings biological support to the ethnological hypothesis of population migrations in this area. Tests for hepatitis B surface antigen reveal a lower prevalence of the disease than in most other south-east Asian populations.
One hundred eighty‐two Balinese were typed for HLA‐A and ‐B locus antigens. From these, 103 were also typed for HLA ‐C, 51 for HLA‐DR, 172 for Bf and 173 for GLO. These results and the significant phenotypic associations are situated with respect to other South‐East Asian populations. In addition to this first study, 175 individuals from an isolated Balinese village typed for HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐DR, Bf and GLO are presented, The effect of isolation on haplotype (HLA‐A/‐B/Bf/‐DR) variability is discussed.
In various ethnic groups of the Indonesian archipelago and of Bali, the polymorphisms of the serum proteins Gc globulin (vitamin D-binding protein), C3 (complement component 3), Bf (complement factor B), Ag x,y (lipoprotein allotypes), and of the red cell enzyme system GALT (galactose-1P-uridyltransferase) were analysed. Among the studied proteins, the Gc system was the most informative one for the anthropologist. Besides considerable differences of frequencies of the common alleles Gc*1F, Gc*1S and Gc*2, a number of rare alleles (1A1, 1A3, 1A8, 1A9, 1A12, 1C2, 1C21, 1C24, and 2C8) and some new ones (1C28, 1C29, 1C30, 2C9) were observed. The presence of Gc*1A1 demonstrates the relationship to the Australo-Melanesian populations, but Mongolian variants (1A3, 1A8, 1A9, 1C2) were also encountered. Within the C3 system a very high frequency of the C3*S allele was observed in all populations. The rare alleles C3*F0.55, C3S1, and C3*S0.5 were observed in some groups. A new allele (C3*F0.35) was detected in a Chinese individual and in a nobleman from Bali. The frequency of the Bf*F allele was rather low in general, and the Bf*S0.7 allele was found in three Indonesian individuals only. The Ag*(x) frequencies were rather high, as it is known for Asiatic populations. Variability among subgroups was not very pronounced. The GALT*2 allele (Duarte variant of the enzyme) was observed very rarely; however, it was present in several populations. Enzyme activities could not be determined, and therefore we cannot tell whether the galactosaemia gene (GALT*0) was present or not.
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