Stones can recur as long as 10 years after the first episode, although the rate is lower than previously reported. The metabolic evaluation after a first stone episode needs to be reappraised in terms of its cost-effectiveness, since recurrences do not seem to be predictable from standard laboratory tests.

Purpose: We describe a select group of asymptomatic patients w i t h fragments a n d dust 3 months after extracorporeal treatment, who were followed t o evaluate the long-term outcome and therapeutic implications.Materials a n d Methods: A total of 129 patients with dust and residual fragments (less than 4 mm.) at 3 months w a s re-examined at 12 months, and 95 were also evaluated at 2 4 months. Followup examinations consisted of radiographic studies, renal ultrasonography and urine culture. D u s t a n d residual fragments were sought, and patients were defined as free or as h a v i n g persistent lithiasis or stone regrowth. At 24 m o n t h s recurrences in the patients stone-free at 1 2 months also were considered.Results: At the 12-month followup 60 patients (46.5%) were stone-free and 56 (43.5%) still had dust o r residual fragments. The localization of the stones o r fragments at 3 m o n t h s a n d their sizes did not have a significant influence on the stone-free rate but regrowth was greater in patients with stones larger t h a n 1 0 mm. (11 of 40 patients, 27.5% versus 2 of 89,2.2%, p = 0.001). The probability of eliminating residual lithiasis at 12 m o n t h s w a s significantly greater in patients with dust than in those with residual fragments ( 4 2 of 79 patients, 58% versus 18 of 50, 36%, p = 0.026). Regrowth of residual lithiasis w a s observed in 13 patients (10%).Conclusions: Based on o u r results, we do not believe that patients with fragments require systematic re-treatment in the short term but t h e y m a y be followed long t e r m and re-treated if symptoms persist or stones recur.KEY WORDS: extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, calculiThe therapeutic efficacy of shock wave lithotripsy in the treatment of renal and ureteral stones is undisputed 15 years after its introduction in clinical practice.' This method represents a revolution in the management of patients with lithiasis.2 However, since the first large series was presented, evaluation of the results of extracorporeal treatment has been controversial. Still more controversial is the approach to patients whose stones are not completely eliminated but in whom small fragments (less than 5 mm.) or dust persists, defined by some authors as clinically insignificant residual fragments.3-7 Such fragments are found at the renal level in 851c of patients at discharge after extracorporeal treatment, and are considered a factor that favors progression of lithiasis,R.g and an increased risk for significant symptomatic episodes or need for intervention.10 We describe a select group of asymptomatic patients with fragments and dust 3 months after extracorporeal treatment, who were followed to evaluate the long-term outcome and therapeutic implications. PATIENTS AND METHODSFor this study we considered 467 patients who underwent treatment with Dornier HM3 modified and MPL 9000 lithotriptors for a single radiopaque renal stone 15 mm. or less between 1991 and 1994. Other selection criteria were the absence of morphological alterations of the ...

Purpose: We describe a select group of asymptomatic patients w i t h fragments a n d dust 3 months after extracorporeal treatment, who were followed t o evaluate the long-term outcome and therapeutic implications.Materials a n d Methods: A total of 129 patients with dust and residual fragments (less than 4 mm.) at 3 months w a s re-examined at 12 months, and 95 were also evaluated at 2 4 months. Followup examinations consisted of radiographic studies, renal ultrasonography and urine culture. D u s t a n d residual fragments were sought, and patients were defined as free or as h a v i n g persistent lithiasis or stone regrowth. At 24 m o n t h s recurrences in the patients stone-free at 1 2 months also were considered.Results: At the 12-month followup 60 patients (46.5%) were stone-free and 56 (43.5%) still had dust o r residual fragments. The localization of the stones o r fragments at 3 m o n t h s a n d their sizes did not have a significant influence on the stone-free rate but regrowth was greater in patients with stones larger t h a n 1 0 mm. (11 of 40 patients, 27.5% versus 2 of 89,2.2%, p = 0.001). The probability of eliminating residual lithiasis at 12 m o n t h s w a s significantly greater in patients with dust than in those with residual fragments ( 4 2 of 79 patients, 58% versus 18 of 50, 36%, p = 0.026). Regrowth of residual lithiasis w a s observed in 13 patients (10%).Conclusions: Based on o u r results, we do not believe that patients with fragments require systematic re-treatment in the short term but t h e y m a y be followed long t e r m and re-treated if symptoms persist or stones recur.KEY WORDS: extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, calculiThe therapeutic efficacy of shock wave lithotripsy in the treatment of renal and ureteral stones is undisputed 15 years after its introduction in clinical practice.' This method represents a revolution in the management of patients with lithiasis.2 However, since the first large series was presented, evaluation of the results of extracorporeal treatment has been controversial. Still more controversial is the approach to patients whose stones are not completely eliminated but in whom small fragments (less than 5 mm.) or dust persists, defined by some authors as clinically insignificant residual fragments.3-7 Such fragments are found at the renal level in 851c of patients at discharge after extracorporeal treatment, and are considered a factor that favors progression of lithiasis,R.g and an increased risk for significant symptomatic episodes or need for intervention.10 We describe a select group of asymptomatic patients with fragments and dust 3 months after extracorporeal treatment, who were followed to evaluate the long-term outcome and therapeutic implications. PATIENTS AND METHODSFor this study we considered 467 patients who underwent treatment with Dornier HM3 modified and MPL 9000 lithotriptors for a single radiopaque renal stone 15 mm. or less between 1991 and 1994. Other selection criteria were the absence of morphological alterations of the ...

A primary abnormality of bone metabolism could be a reasonable explanation of reduced bone density observed in renal stone formers on a low calcium diet since serum parathyroid hormone levels are in the normal range. From a therapeutic point of view these data confirm that restriction of dairy products in renal stone formers should be avoided.

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Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is nowadays first choice treatment of ureteral stones. Shock wave generator technology has greatly advanced since the first electrohydraulic lithotriptor was introduced. Third generation lithotriptors combine all these advantages and integrate them into a multi-functional X-ray system. From January 1996 to June 1996, 63 patients (43 male and 20 female) suffering from ureteral calculosis were treated. Stone localisation was in 35 cases (55%) the lumbar ureter, in 3 (5%) the iliac ureter and in 25 (40%) the pelvic ureter. A Storz Modulith SLX lithotriptor with an electromagnetic cylindrical source was used. Easy positioning of the patient and dry coupling make treatment procedures simple. Furthermore, general anesthesia is not required and analgesic sedation (Fentanest and Diazepam) is often unnecessary, especially in ureteral stones.