Sixteen Australian wheat cultivars grown in controlled environment cabinets demonstrated a range of responses to seed vernalization varying from little or no promotion of floral initiation in Darkan, Kondut, Falcon, and Sunset to about 3 weeks in Festiguay, Claymore, and Mexico 120. Under short days (10 hr photoperiod v. 14 hr) or cold temperatures (12/7�C day/night v. 18/13�) the response to seed vernalization was reduced. None of the cultivars responsive to vernalization achieved floral initiation earlier under cold temperatures than under warm temperatures, even in the absence of seed vernalization. All cultivars achieved floral initiation earlier in long days but the magnitude of the response varied considerably among them. Long days similarly accelerated development from initiation to anthesis. Higher temperatures accelerated development to initiation and anthesis in all cultivars, with only minor differences in magnitude of response. Selected treatments in the cabinets gave rates of development to initiation which closely paralleled results for the same cultivars in field experiments. The number of spikelets per head varied considerably with cultivar, day length, and vernalization treatment. Within the range of conditions of the experiments, temperature did not affect spikelet number other than through vernalization. At either temperature, the spikelet number was closely and positively related to the number of days to floral initiation.
A goal of our research was to analyze the influence of the spike morphological characteristics on a wheat yield. After a three year experiment, we chose genotypes with the maximum and minimum yield. The genotypes with a higher yield (HY) had a significantly longer spike, greater mass, lower number of spikelets (total, fertile and sterile) and greater mass of grain/spike. For all the genotypes, a normal distribution of a number and a mass of grain/spikelet, of a spike main shoot, was noticed. The lowest values of the former parameters with a highest coefficient of variation in the basal (the first) spikelet were also noticws. HY genotypes in comparison to lower yield (LY) genotypes had a greater mass of grain/spikelet, in almost all analyzed positions of a spikelet. It was also identified a greater number of grain, but only in a half of the total number of analyzed spikelets. In both cases, those differences were not significant. For LY genotypes, a distribution of a number and a mass of grain/spikelet (in accordance to the spikelet position), had a higher genotype dispersion. In both groups, the central spikelets had the highest number and the greatest mass of grain.
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