Aims and objectives:The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the anti-inflammatory activity of the aqueous root bark extract of Aegle marmelos (Bilwa) in experimental acute and chronic inflammatory animal models.Materials and Methods:Aqueous extract of root bark of Bilwa was prepared and tested for anti-inflammatory activity in albino rats weighing 150-280 grams. The animals were randomly divided into 3 groups of 6 each; one group served as control and other two groups received indomethacin and Bilwa orally 1 hour prior to experimentation. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity was studied using the acute (Carrageenan induced paw edema) and chronic (Cotton pellet induced granuloma) animal models. Anti-inflammatory activity was expressed as Percent inhibition (PI). Statistical analysis was performed using One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Scheffe's post hoc test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:The PI with indomethacin and Bilwa in carrageenan induced paw edema were 52.7% and 46% and in cotton pellet induced granuloma were 24.7% and 9.2% respectively. Indomethacin showed highly significant anti-inflammatory activity in both the models. However, Bilwa showed highly significant activity in acute model and but a trend of anti-inflammatory activity in chronic model studied.Conclusions:As Bilwa showed significant anti-inflammatory activity in the models studied, it can be a promising anti-inflammatory agent.
Background: Carvedilol is a commonly used drug in hypertension, congestive heart failure in diabetics. It has moderate calcium channel blocking property in addition to α1 and non selective β antagonistic activity. Though some studies bring forth the beneficial effects of Carvedilol in cardiovascular comorbidities in diabetes, there is no consensus on its effects on glycaemic levels. Aims:To evaluate the effect of oral Carvedilol administration for 5 days on blood glucose levels in normal albino rats through Oral Glucose Tolerance Test. Material and Methods:Twelve adult albino rats of either sex weighing between 150 -200 g were selected from central animal facility and randomly divided into 2 groups -Control [Distilled water (1ml/rat orally)] and Test (0.8mg/kg body weight orally) and the respective drugs were administered over 5 days. Following overnight fasting, on the fifth day 1 hour after the last dose of the respective drug, OGTT was performed. The CBG (Capillary Blood Glucose) levels were measured at 0 min, glucose (2g/ kg body weight) dissolved in water was administered to all the rats orally. The blood sample from tail vein (obtained by tail snipping) at 60 and 150 minutes were analysed for CBG levels using a standardized glucometer.Statistical Analysis: Data was presented as Mean ± SEM. One way ANOVA, independent samples t-test, non-parametric tests, percentages and cross tabs were used in the analysis of data within the same group and between different groups when required.Results: Carvedilol group showed higher CBG levels at all time intervals of OGTT as compared to the Control group i.e., 0, 60 and 150 minutes, the highest being (103.8±5.029 )mg/dl at 60 minutes and was statistically significant. Carvedilol group however showed lesser inter-interval variation compared to the Control group at the same time intervals respectively but was statistically insignificant. Conclusions:Carvedilol has hyperglycaemic potential when given orally for 5 days in normal albino rats. Though it may be beneficial in diabetics for various comorbid conditions, the glycaemic control may worsen during its use in subjects with prediabetes, diabetes, high risk diabetes.
To evaluate the effect of telmisartan on blood glucose levels and blood lipid levels in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Eighteen Wistar albino rats weighing 150-200gms of either sex were randomly selected from the central animal facility, and divided into 3 groups. Diabetes was induced by injecting Streptozotocin intraperitonelly. The control group received 1% Gum acacia (oral), standard group received 0.5 mg/kg Glibenclamide (oral) and the test group received Telmisartan 7.2mg/kg body weight (oral) from 0-28 days respectively. Body weight of the individual rats were measured on the respective days before blood glucose estimation on 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 & 28th day and fasting blood glucose was estimated by (ACCUCHECK) glucometer. Estimation of fasting lipid profile by lipid screening strips on 1st and 28th day. When compared to control the capillary blood glucose (CBG) levels in the Telmisartan group was less at all the intervals but comparable with that of standard drug Glibenclamide in Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Improved lipid profile was seen with the Telmisartan group when compared to control group in Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Hypoglycemic activity and improved lipid profile action was seen with Telmisartan group which is comparable to standard drug glibenclamide in streptozotocin induced diabetic albino rats.
The aim was to evaluate the analgesic activity of perindopril in chemical, thermal and mechanical pain on Swiss albino mice. A total of 54 albino mice (Swiss strain) weighing 25-30 g were allocated to each experimental model and in each model there were three groups. The control group received normal saline (25 ml/kg) per orally, standard group received pentazocine (10 mg/kg) intra-peritoneal and test groups received perindopril (1 mg/kg) per orally. Perindopril and normal saline was administered 2 h before, whereas the pentazocine was administered 15 min prior to Eddy's hot plate, writhing and tail clip methods. The decrease in number of writhes, the delay in reaction time in tail clip and Eddy's hot plate method denoted the analgesic activity. Perindopril decreased the number of writhes, delayed the reaction time in tail clip and Eddy's hot plate method considerably when compared with control (normal saline), but less when compared with standard (pentazocine). Perindopril exhibits analgesic activity in thermal, chemical, and mechanical pain models in albino mice.
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