A lot of Distributed Generation (DG) placement techniques have been in the distribution system. Among those techniques, the DG placement based on power loss (PL) reduction is the most popular methods used by many researchers. However, the selected DG location based on power loss index, sometimes, may cause some of the lines in the system to have higher current flow compared to the initial condition. This new current flow may cause some of the lines to operate in an overloaded condition. Therefore, a new approach to place the DG is proposed in this paper. By using the meta-heuristic optimization technique, which is Ranked Evolutionary Particle Swarm Optimization (REPSO), the DG location and their outputs will give lower power loss as well as minimum line capacity increment (LCI). The 33-bus distribution system is used to perform the proposed technique. The results show that the optimal DG location based on LCI does not only give zero line capacity increment, but also give the lowest power loss value as compared to the other techniques.
This paper presents the impact of load expansion to the hybrid photovoltaic (PV)-wind system design. System reliability and total project cost are the design objectives taken into consideration in determining the optimal size of the system. The size of the hybrid system components are restricted to specified constraints. An Iterative-Pareto technique is used to obtain the combinations of components. Results show that the increment of load demand reduces the reliability of the system. In addition to that, the total cost of the system when load is expanded is higher than the system with the initial load demand.
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