Résumé -La tomographie par ultrasons a été utilisée pour détecter l'état de dégradation de la section transversale d'un tronc de hêtre, attaqué par une pourriture blanche. La reconstitution de l'image du tronc en 2D a été faite à partir d'un logiciel qui utilise les valeurs de vitesses de propagation des ultrasons à travers la section de l'arbre. Le bois dégradé est caractérisé par des valeurs faibles des vitesses. Les mesures ont été effectuées à travers l'écorce de l'arbre, à trois hauteurs du sol, avec des transducteurs spéciaux de fréquence d'émission de 1 MHz. Dans le cas d'un signal trop entaché par le bruit, une analyse en fréquence a été effectuée. Les tomogrammes ultrasonores ainsi obtenus ont été comparés avec les photographies des sections correspondantes et avec les données obtenues par mesure de résistance à la pénétration d'une aiguille, avec un « Résistograph ». Aux faibles valeurs de la résistance à la pénétration correspondent des valeurs faibles de vitesses. Une bonne correspondance entre les tomogrammes et les photographies a été constatée. La résolution de l'image tomographique est comprise entre 4 et 5 cm. À l'état actuel du développement des techniques de détection non destructives acoustiques des défauts sur les arbres sur pied, cette résolution est la meilleure jamais obtenue. détection non destructive / tomographie ultrasonore / pourriture du bois / évaluation de la stabilité des arbres Abstract -Ultrasonic tomography on standing trees. Ultrasonic tomography was used for the detection of degradation of transversal section of a beech, attacked by white decay. The image reconstruction of the transversal section of the tree in 2D was obtained with a software, which used the values of ultrasonic velocities measured at different heights from the ground. The attacked wood is characterised by low velocities. The measurements were performed with special transducers of 1 MHz, without damaging the bark of the tree. To improve the readings of the signals, a frequency analysis was performed. The ultrasonic tomographies were compared with the corresponding photographic images and with data obtained with a "Resistograph". A good agreement between ultrasonic tomographies and photographs was observed. The image resolution is between 4 and 5 cm. Presently, this is the best resolution ever obtained with an acoustic nondestructive method on a standing tree. non invasive wood testing / ultrasonic tomography / wood decay / tree stability assessment
This paper reports application of electric, ultrasonic, and georadar tomography for detection of decay in trees and their comparison with the traditional penetrometer. Their feasibility in arboriculture is also evaluated, critically considering some "open problems." The experiments were carried out in an urban environment on two plane (Platanus hybrida Brot.) trees. Both trees, after felling, showed extensive white rot in the central cylinder. The electric tomography revealed low resistivity zones roughly centered in the trunk. A comparison with the successively cut sections showed a fine correspondence to decayed areas and a strong correspondence between high moisture zones and low resistivity zones. Ultrasonic tomography demonstrated to be a very effective tool for the detection of internal decay, accurately locating the position of the anomalies and estimating their size, shape, and characteristic in terms of mechanical properties. With the georadar technique, the high contrast of electromagnetic impedance measured between the inner decayed section and the outside sound section allowed the detection of the interface between the sound and decayed section of the tree, using radar acquisition in reflection modality. The penetrometer profiles detected the low-resistance areas inside the two trunks.
The application of an insecticide-based coating is a good strategy to control and prevent the red palm weevil infestation, in particular on date palms. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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