HUNGARYIn accordance with modern regulations and directives, the use of renewable biomass materials as precursors for the production of fuels for transportation purposes is to be strictly followed. Even though, there are problems related to processing, storage and handling in wide range of subsequent uses, since there must be a limit to the ratio of biofuels mixed with mineral raw materials. As a key factor with regards to these biomass sources pose a great risk of causing multiple forms of corrosion both to metallic and non-metallic structural materials. To assess the degree of corrosion risk to a variety of engineering alloys like low-carbon and stainless steels widely used as structural metals, this work is dedicated to investigating corrosion rates of economically reasonable engineering steel alloys in mixtures of raw gas oil and renewable biomass fuel sources under typical coprocessing conditions. To model a desulphurising refining process, corrosion tests were carried out with raw mineral gasoline and its mixture with used cooking oil and animal waste lard in relative quantities of 10% (g/g). Co-processing was simulated by batch-reactor laboratory experiments. Experiments were performed at temperatures between 200 and 300ºC and a pressure in the gas phase of 90 bar containing 2% (m 3 /m 3 ) hydrogen sulphide. The time span of individual tests were varied between 1 and 21 days so that we can conclude about changes in the reaction rates against time exposure of and extrapolate for longer periods of exposure. Initial and integral corrosion rates were defined by a weight loss method on standard size of coupons of all sorts of steel alloys. Corrosion rates of carbon steels indicated a linear increase with temperature and little variation with composition of the biomass fuel sources. Apparent activation energies over the first 24-hour period remained moderate, varying between 35.5 and 50.3 kJ mol -1 . Scales developed on carbon steels at higher temperatures were less susceptible to spall and detach. Nonetheless, moderate deceleration of corrosion rates as a function of time are due to the less coherent, frequently spalling and low compactness, higher porosity of the scales evolved at lower and higher temperatures, respectively. On the surface of high alloy steels, sulphide scales of an enhanced barrier nature formed during the induction periods and the layer formation mechanism was found to be assisted by the increasing temperature as initial reaction rates considerably decreased over time. Nevertheless, corrosion-related sulphide conversion of metals and mass loss of the high alloys are strongly affected by the composition of the biomass fuel sources especially animal waste lard. Thermal activation in the first 24 hours decreased from 68.9 to 35.2 kJ mol -1 . A greater degree of failure to develop protective sulphide scales was experienced by changing to composition of the biomass fuel sources than the impact of thermal activation between a narrow temperature range at around 100ºC. In accordance with the litera...
The present-day oil refining market has the potential to process opportunity crudes. The degree of corrosion and fouling issues has increased in terms of processing opportunity crudes. In the case of changing crude slates, predicting the impacts of crude oil on production is necessary to ensure safe and profitable processing. Crude oil can be characterized by the quantitative and qualitative analyses of saturates, aromatics, resins, asphaltenes and contaminants as well as the determination of its physical and chemical properties. The complementary nature of these analyses is necessary to identify the root causes of fouling and corrosion problems and quantify the impact of them. In this study, analytical methods were developed to investigate the effect of crude oils on production in terms of fouling and corrosion, which can be used to characterize crude oil from different sources. The compatibility, emulsification tendency and fouling potential of crude oil were analyzed by the developed analytical methods. The measurement method to assess the compatibility of crude oils is based on the determination of the flocculation tendency of asphaltenes in oils. A Porla GLX Step Analyzer was used for the compatibility tests. Emulsification and fouling tendencies were measured by our in-house designed laboratory equipment. These measurements were conducted under typical operating conditions. The developed analytical methods were validated by crude oils from five different sources.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.