Data were obtained during 2 yr at Baker's Hill, Western Australia, in farmland with no trees, scattered trees or clumps of trees and 3 types of open woodland. There were differences in the number of bird species found in each habitat, ranging from 25 in woodland habitats to 11 in open farmland. In autumn, there were more aerial feeders in open farmland and farmland with few trees than in farmland with many trees and woodland, but fewer in spring. There were more ground-feeding seed-eaters in farmland with trees than elsewhere, except in autumn. There were large seasonal reciprocal changes in the numbers of thornbills in farmland with many trees and woodland, indicating movement between habitats. Within the woodland habitats there were only small seasonal changes, but there were large differences in numbers of some groups between the 3 habitats.
It would appear that buffaloes wallow for two reasons: (1) when there is water about, all buffaloes wallow at some time between 1000 and 1500 h; (2) when insect attack is severe, buffaloes will wallow at any time, even at night. The location of the animal, whether in a wallow or in shade, does not have any significant effect on the internal (rectal) temperature of the animal. In the present study, the buffaloes' preference for wallows indicates that shade may not be as good as a wallow in lowering body temperatures on hotter days.
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