In primary molar teeth with exposure of vital pulps by caries or trauma, pulpotomies performed with either formocresol or ferric sulphate have similar clinical and radiographic success. Ferric sulphate may be recommended as a suitable replacement for formocresol.

Abstract. The presence of elevated total dissolved gas (TDG) downstream of a spillway may result in an increased incidence of gas bubble disease in fish. Supersaturated TDG is transported and dissipated more slowly in reservoirs than in natural rivers because of a higher water depth and lower turbulence and thus endangers fish. This paper presents the operational regulations concerning the mitigation of the TDG supersaturation impact on fish in the Bala Reservoir on the Zumuzu River. The paper includes the joint operations of the upstream and downstream power stations. A laterally averaged two-dimensional model is employed to simulate the TDG transportation and dissipation in the Bala Reservoir in addition to the hydrodynamics and water temperature. According to a comparison of the simulation results of different operational scenarios, this paper suggests a regulation scheme. With respect to the upstream power station, the adoption of an interval-discharge pattern instead of a continuous-discharge pattern is recommended to minimize the negative effect on the reservoir caused by supersaturated TDG. With respect to the downstream power station, the adoption of a surface tunnel rather than a bottom tunnel is recommended as a release structure. This paper is a reference for the eco-environmentally friendly operation of large and deep reservoirs.

Total dissolved gas supersaturation (TDGS) produced by flood flows over a high dam has negative consequences on downstream fish. Reducing the total dissolved gas (TDG) levels and/or providing adequate low‐TDGS fish shelter areas remains a challenge. The presence of a low‐TDG‐saturation (LTS) zone at river confluences can protect the fish from harmful high TDG levels, but the effects of confluence hydrodynamics on the TDGS distribution are not well understood. In this study, three‐dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic simulations are performed to understand the influence of flow ratio and junction angle on the TDGS distribution downstream of river confluences. The simulation results show that the TDGS distribution is mainly affected by (a) inflow TDGS that determines the supply, (b) secondary flow that leads to rapid renewal of surface water for degassing, and (c) increased turbulence intensity that promotes dissipation of TDGS. Relationship between the LTS area, the flow ratio and the junction angle is constructed via regression analysis. The regression model is validated against a 3D numerical simulation that is compared to field observations at two river confluences along the Jinshajiang River (China). This study provides scientific basis for potential hydraulic modifications at confluences to enlarge an LTS zone and reduce fish fatality.

Squalene synthase (SQS) is the key precursor in the synthesis of cholesterol. Located downstream in relation to hydroxy methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and having no influence on the formation of biologically necessary isoprenoids make it an interesting target for the development of cholesterol lowering drugs with fewer side effects. To discover novel SQS inhibitors, three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship pharmacophore models were built and further validated by cost function analysis, test set validation, and decoy set validation to obtain a reliable model for virtual screening against a database that contains 5.5 million compounds. The interactions between SQS and the ligands were predicted by an integrated protocol that contains molecular docking, molecular mechanics/generalized born surface area, and molecular dynamic simulation. After that, five compounds with best binding affinities and binding modes were obtained as potential hits for further study and three of them showed inhibitory effects against SQS.KEYWORDS binding free energy, molecular dynamic simulation, pharmacophore model, SQSIs, virtual screening Manzhou Hou and Guoyi Yan contributed equally to this work.

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Materials/Methods: Patients enrolled on RTOG 0521 had serum samples banked for future biomarker validation. This study was designed to validate previous findings (Hall 2013) showing an association between elevations in CRP levels and shorter biochemical failure-free survival after RT. CRP levels were measured in pre-treatment samples using a widely available, clinical grade assay. A panel of serum inflammatory cytokines were also measured including: monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon gamma (IFN-g),

Specimens of 110 unrelated individuals were collected from Han ethnic group in Jiangsu Province of China. DNA was extracted from blood specimens using Chelex 100 method. (1) Amplifications were carried out by using reagents provided in DNA examining Kit (Codon Biotechnology CD., LTD, China) and using a Mastercycler gradiend 5331 (Eppendorf AG, Hamburg, Germany) according to the technical manual. The amplified products were separated denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with continuous buffer system and visualized by silver staining. Data were analyzed using POWERSTATS software (2). A modified 2-test was used to verify whether the genetype distribution conformed to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium predictions (3).

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