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Background: Hypertension is a common and independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease, especially the coronary artery disease. The primary or essential hypertension can be classified further, based on the blood pressure measurements, done during initial assessment and diagnosis. The risk of complications does not correlate with the stage of hypertension as per the results of many studies done earlier. Hence, it is imperative to look for some way of assessing the risk of future cardiovascular complications in subjects (overt hypertensives as well as pre-hypertensives) to reduce the morbidity associated. The researchers all around the world are currently studying the role of various inflammatory markers as risk assessment tools in hypertension. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is the most studied of all. This study is done with the aim to assess the cardiovascular risk in subjects diagnosed with essential hypertension, comparing their stage of hypertension and hs-CRP levels. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 subjects were selected in this study: 50 as controls, 50 as newly diagnosed/untreated patient group, and 50 as treated patient group. The hs-CRP was assayed using standard immunoturbidimetric assay and using a fully automated analyzer, and values compared statistically. There was a significant increase in the hs-CRP levels in the untreated patient group (3.93 ± 1.01) when compared to the control group (1.07 ± 0.39). Furthermore, the comparison between the hs-CRP levels in the untreated patient group versus treated patient group and showed a significant drop in levels of hs-CRP in the treated group (1.26 ± 0.54). Both of these above findings suggest that hs-CRP, which marks the level of subclinical inflammation, could be used to assess the risk of morbid events and also can be used as a tool to assess the response of patients to treatment offered. Conclusion: Thus, it is concluded that hs-CRP levels are significantly increased in untreated hypertensive subjects and the levels significantly drop the following treatment.

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Blood analysis can provide information regarding the physiological condition of an individual animal or population health as a whole. The present investigation analyzed clinical laboratory data of soluble organic substances of plasma namely triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT/ aspartate amionotransferase) and albumin of Asian pond turtle Melanochelys trijuga. Using multiple samples measures of analysis and variance was determined. M. trijuga exhibited variation in biochemical parameters with respect to reproductive cycle. Biochemical profiles of cholesterol, HDL, LDL, SGPT and albumin values found to be high in preparative period and minimum in recrudescent period of the reproductive cycle. This indicates that the preparative period is the stage where the animals prepare for the forth coming reproductive period. The level of triglycerides and cholesterol varied independently. All the parameters fluctuated with in normal range. The data may be useful to evaluate the health status of the turtle for veterinary care and conservation.

Aims and objectives: 1) To compare and correlate glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C) as an independent criteria in diagnosis. 2) To define the sensitivity and specificity of HbA1C estimates at the ADA recommended cut off of ≥ 6.5%. Study design and methods: Subjects were first tested for Fasting plasma glucose and two-hours post 75 grams glucose challenge, HbA1c was estimated for the all the subjects. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of HbA1C at the ADA recommended ≥ 6.5% cut off value in newly detected diabetic patients was 96.70% and 82.92% respectively with a positive predicted value of 56.05% and a negative predictive value of 99.11 % .75.00 % at a p<0.001. We find that we miss 42% of people with diabetes if fasting plasma glucose levels are considered. Given the risks associated with PPG levels in our population it is important that these criteria be used in screening programmes. Conclusion: Our study shows that HbA1C is comparable to FPG levels estimation but is not superior enough to replace blood glucose estimation. Use of post prandial glucose levels are better in detecting diabetes than fasting plasma glucose levels. A combination of post prandial glucose with HbA1C may be a superior single test that can overcome the cumbersome oral glucose tolerance test.

Background & Objectives: People with obesity and overweight are increasing in India. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of generalized and abdominal obesity in diabetics and comparison between genders. Methods: An observational study held at Diabetes centre, between 2013-2014. Classification of obesity was done using WHO and IDF criteria for BMI in Asians, while Waist Circumference and WHR per IDF criteria. WHO Asia Pacific guidelines were used to define overweight [body mass index (BMI) ≥23 kg/m 2 but <25 kg/m 2 , generalized obesity, BMI≥25kg/m 2), abdominal obesity, waist circumference ≥90 cm in men, ≥80cm for women). 4504 subjects (men 2741, women 1763) with diabetes aged ≥ of 25 were recruited. Results: The prevalence rates were 2, 13, 31 & 54% women and 3, 23, 48, & 26% men were lean, normal, overweight and obese respectively. Comparing the waist circumference between men and women with IDF criteria 65% men (n=9235) and 89% (n=8175) have a WC above the normal. Waist hip ratio, identified higher prevalence rate in men (89%) compared to women (76%) and WHR was a sensitive index compared to WC. Interpretation & Conclusions: Higher prevalence of abdominal obesity compared to general obesity in diabetic population affected both genders similarly. Both general and abdominal obesity prevalence are higher in women than men. Our study found that AO had a higher prevalence in men contrary to the belief that women have higher AO. Abdominal obesity is directly linked to increased morbidity.