The microbiocidal activity of glutaraldehyde was inactivated by reaction with sodium bisulfite via formation of a proposed glutaraldehyde-bisulfite complex. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of 2% (0.2M) alkaline glutaraldehyde indicated complete loss of glutaraldehyde at a 2.2:1 molar ratio of sodium bisulfite to glutaraldehyde. Neither 1.7% (0.17 M) sodium bisulfite alone nor the glutaraldehyde-bisulfite complex was microbiocidal when tested against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Polybac Polyseed BOD seed inoculum. Bacterial inhibition tests indicated that the glutaraldehyde-sodium bisulfite complex had no effect on the growth of sewage microorganisms at concentrations as high as 50-100 ppm (5 x 10(-4)-1 x 10(-3) M), with an IC50 of 230-440 ppm (2.3 x 10(-3)-4.4 x 10(-3) M), based on glutaraldehyde concentration. A 28-close bottle test showed a 5-d biodegradation of 48% and 51%, and a 15-d biodegradation of 57% and 63% for 3:1 and 2.2:1 bisulfite to glutaraldehyde molar ratios, respectively. Acute aquatic toxicity testing with Daphnia magna demonstrated an LC50 of 41-109 ppm (4.1 x 10(-4)-10.9 x 10(-4) M) and a no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) of 16 ppm (1.6 x 10(-4) M) for the proposed glutaraldehyde-bisulfite complex (based on glutaraldehyde concentration), approximately 10-fold higher than found for glutaraldehyde alone, indicating that the proposed glutaraldehyde-bisulfite complex is less toxic to the environment than glutaraldehyde.
This study correlated the 20‐d Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) test widely used in the United States with the closed‐bottle test selected and refined by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) for determining biodegradability of a product. Many chemical producers in the United States have 20‐d BOD data on their products; it is important to use this information when valid both in the interim until OECD tests can be completed on these myriad products and in support of the OECD data when available. This paper presents comparative biooxidation data on 16 chemicals using both sealed‐bottle tests. Similar data were obtained at the end of each test, after 20 d in the BOD test and 28 d in the closed‐bottle test. The reduced microbial seed concentration in the closed‐bottle test required longer incubation time to achieve these similar results. The best correlations were obtained at days 10 and 15, and the poorest was indicated at day 5. The environmental classification specified by the European Community is the same for these chemicals, >60% biooxidation for readily biodegradable classification or not, regardless of the biooxidation test. OECD biodegradation screening test data are included in this report; results from this test, which monitors dissolved organic carbon (DOC), support the biooxidation values obtained in both the OECD closed‐bottle test and the 20‐d BOD test.
This study correlated the 20‐d Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) test widely used in the United States with the closed‐bottle test selected and refined by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) for determining biodegradability of a product. Many chemical producers in the United States have 20‐d BOD data on their products; it is important to use this information when valid both in the interim until OECD tests can be completed on these myriad products and in support of the OECD data when available. This paper presents comparative biooxidation data on 16 chemicals using both sealed‐bottle tests. Similar data were obtained at the end of each test, after 20 d in the BOD test and 28 d in the closed‐bottle test. The reduced microbial seed concentration in the closed‐bottle test required longer incubation time to achieve these similar results. The best correlations were obtained at days 10 and 15, and the poorest was indicated at day 5. The environmental classification specified by the European Community is the same for these chemicals, >60% biooxidation for readily biodegradable classification or not, regardless of the biooxidation test. OECD biodegradation screening test data are included in this report; results from this test, which monitors dissolved organic carbon (DOC), support the biooxidation values obtained in both the OECD closed‐bottle test and the 20‐d BOD test.
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