In cooperation with U.S. Department of Energy’s Morgantown Energy Technology Center, a Westinghouse-led team is working on the second part of an 8-year, Advanced Turbine Systems Program to develop the technology required to provide a significant increase in natural gas-fired combined cycle power generation plant efficiency. This paper reports on the Westinghouse program to develop an innovative natural gas-fired advanced turbine cycle, which, in combination with increased firing temperature, use of advanced materials, increased component efficiencies, and reduced cooling air usage, has the potential of achieving a lower heating value plant efficiency in excess of 60 percent.
In cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy’s Morgantown Energy Technology Center, Westinghouse is working on Phase 2 of an 8-year Advanced Turbine Systems Program to develop the technologies required to provide a significant increase in natural gas-fired combined cycle power generation plant efficiency. In this paper, the technologies required to yield an energy conversion efficiency greater than the Advanced Turbine Systems Program target value of 60 percent are discussed. The goal of 60 percent efficiency is achievable through an improvement in operating process parameters for both the combustion turbine and steam turbine, raising the rotor inlet temperature to 2600°F (1427°C ), incorporation of advanced cooling techniques in the combustion turbine expander, and utilization of other cycle enhancements obtainable through greater integration between the combustion turbine and steam turbine.
The modern pulverized-coal power plant is the product of continuous design experience and component improvement in the 20th century. In recent years, studies of the effect of high temperatures on turbine materials have led to major worldwide research and development programs on improving the thermal cycle by raising turbine-inlet pressure and temperature. This paper reviews the importance of various parameters in trying to optimize a turbine cycle designed for advanced steam conditions. Combinations of throttle pressure (between 3500 psi [24.1 MPa] and 10,000 psi [70MPa]), throttle and reheat temperature(1000°F [538°C] to 1400°F [760°C]), and number of reheats are explored to establish a realistic turbine cycle design. Assessments and trade-offs are discussed, as applicable. Critical cycle components, feedwater cycle arrangements, and reheat pressure selections are analyzed in establishing an optimized steam turbine-boiler cycle for a 1000 MW turbine-generator. Applicability of results to smaller advanced steam turbines is given. A brief update on the high-temperature Wakamatsu turbine project in Japan is also given.
Consideration of a hydrogen based economy is attractive because it allows energy to be transported and stored at high densities and then transformed into useful work in pollution-free turbine or fuel cell conversion systems. Through its New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) the Japanese government is sponsoring the World Energy Network (WE-NET) Program. The program is a 28-year global effort to define and implement technologies needed for a hydrogen-based energy system. A critical part of this effort is the development of a hydrogen-fueled combustion turbine system to efficiently convert the chemical energy stored in hydrogen to electricity when the hydrogen is combusted with pure oxygen. The full-scale demonstration will be a greenfield power plant located seaside. Hydrogen will be delivered to the site as a cryogenic liquid, and its cryogenic energy will be used to power an air liquefaction unit to produce pure oxygen. To meet the NEDO plant thermal cycle requirement of a minimum of 70.9 percent, low heating value (LHV), a variety of possible cycle configurations and working fluids have been investigated. This paper reports on the selection of the best cycle (a Rankine cycle), and the two levels of technology needed to support a near-term plant and a long-term plant. The combustion of pure hydrogen with pure hydrogen with pure oxygen results only in steam, thereby allowing for a direct-fired Rankine steam cycle. A near-term plant would require only development to support the design of an advanced high pressure steam turbine and an advanced intermediate pressure steam turbine.
Through its New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) the Japanese government is sponsoring the World Energy Network (WE-NET) Program. WE-NET is a 28-year global effort to define and implement technologies needed for hydrogen-based energy systems. A critical part of this effort is the development of a hydrogen-fueled combustion turbine system to efficiently convert the chemical energy stored in hydrogen to electricity when hydrogen is combusted with pure oxygen. A Rankine cycle, with reheat and recuperation, was selected by Westinghouse as the general Reference System. Variations of this cycle have been examined to identify a Reference System having maximum development feasibility, while meeting the requirement of a minimum of 70.9% low heating value (LHV) efficiency. The strategy applied by Westinghouse was to assess both a near-term and long-term Reference Plant. The near-term plant requires moderate development based on extrapolation of current steam and combustion turbine technology. In contrast, the long-term plant requires more extensive development for an additional high-pressure reheat turbine, and is more complex than the near-term plant with closed-loop steam cooling and extractive feedwater heating. Trade-offs between efficiency benefits and development challenges of the near-term and long-term reference plant are identified. Results of this study can be applied to guide the future development activities of hydrogen-fueled combustion turbine systems.
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