. 2003. Feasibility of boron fertilization for yield, seed quality and B uptake of canola in northeastern Saskatchewan. Can. J. Soil Sci. 83: 99-108. Canola (Brassica napus L. and B. rapa L.) grown on the sandy soils of northeastern Saskatchewan has been observed to exhibit symptoms similar to B deficiency, and soil testing laboratories often recommend B fertilization on these soils. The objective of the present study was to determine if yield, seed quality and diseases of canola are related to different rates, times and methods of B fertilization on some northeastern Saskatchewan soils (Gray Luvisol) expected to be B deficient. Two growth chamber and seven field experiments were conducted in 1997, 1998, 1999 and 2000. In the field experiments, the treatments included application of B fertilizers as broadcast followed by incorporation (1 to 4 kg B ha -1 ) prior to seeding, seedrow placement at seeding (0.5 to 2 kg B ha -1 ) and foliar spray at 10-20% bloom stage (0.25 and 0.50 kg B ha -1 ) plus a zero B control treatment. In the growth chamber experiments, rates of 1 to 3 mg B kg -1 soil were tested. In the field experiments, seed and straw yields tended to increase in very few of the treatments, with significant increases from incorporated B fertilization at one site for seed and at three sites for straw. The protein content in the seed was significantly increased by B fertilization at one site, while oil content in the seed was not influenced by B fertilization in any field experiment. The B fertilization treatments either increased or tended to increase the B concentration and uptake of B in seed and straw in most cases, with significant contrasts for control vs. incorporated B and seedrow B methods of applications in many cases. The increase in B concentration and uptake of B was usually greater in straw than in seed. Among the methods of B application, the effectiveness of B application could be considered as incorporated B > seedrow B > foliar B. Averaged across the sites and two treatments for each application method for example, B uptake in seed increased by 6.7, 3.8 and 1.0 g ha -1 with incorporated, seedrow and foliar B treatments, respectively. Corresponding methods showed an increase of B uptake in straw by 46, 33 and 23 g ha -1 . Disease levels were low for sclerotinia stem rot (Sclerotinia sclerotorum) and low to moderate for blackleg (Leptosphaeria maculans) and alternaria pod spot (Alternaria brassica and A. raphani), and B fertilizer treatments had no impact on the amount or severity of infection for these diseases. In the growth chamber experiments, B fertilization tended to increase the yield of seed and straw (up to 13%) in both soils, with significant contrasts for 0 kg B ha -1 vs. 1, 2 and 3 kg B ha -1 in many cases. In conclusion, the findings of this study suggest that canola rarely responds to B fertilization in field conditions on soils suspected to be B deficient, but canola response to B was influenced by the method of B application. . S'y ajoutait un traitement témoin, sans amendeme...
BackgroundBlackleg, caused by Leptosphaeria maculans, is a serious disease of canola/ oilseed rape in many parts of the world. An integrated approach is needed to control the disease, with genetic resistance as a key component of the management strategy. Towards this goal, a reliable approach for L. maculans race structure assessment becomes essential to gain understanding of the frequency of avirulence genes and race groups of the pathogen, and provide guidance for deployment of resistant canola cultivars.ResultsA total of 162 representative isolates collected in western Canada were selected for genome re-sequencing with an Illumina platform. Assembly of the short reads against the reference genome of L. maculans 'brassicae' isolate v23.1.3 led to the discovery of 21,016 DNA variants (SNPs and InDels), 93% SNPs and 7% InDels, with a transition/transversion (Ts/Tv) ratio of 3.1 genome wide. InDels occurred mainly in GC-blocks and the Ts/Tv ratio of SNPs in AT-blocks was > 2 times higher than that in GC-blocks. The number of variants were positively correlated with supercontig size, GC-block size and gene numbers. DNA variants in most avirulence genes were SNPs, except a deletion in AvrLm1. The number of SNPs varied from 1–2 in AvrLm2, AvrLmJ1-5-9, AvrLm6, AvrLm10A, AvrLm10B and AvrLm11, 8 in AvrLm3 and 38 in AvrLm4-7. This study is the first report of triallelic SNPs in AvrLm2 and AvrLm4-7, and premature STOP codons in AvrLm4-7. Nine SNP haplotypes were identified in AvrLm4-7, however, only 2 ~ 3 haplotypes occurred in other avirulence genes, and in total 47 haplotype groups were identified from the isolates. The 47 SNP haplotype groups were translated into 44 protein haplotype groups and then isolates of L. macualns collected in western Canada were classified into10 races.ConclusionIn this study, we document the shortcoming of inferring races from SNP genotyping, and propose the use of SNP haplotyping for more reliable and informative analysis of L. maculans race structure.
AAC Banner is a white-hulled spring oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivar developed at the Ottawa Research and Development Centre (ORDC), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. It was supported for registration by the Ontario Cereal Crops Committee (OCCC) in January 2017 and was registered by the Variety Registration Office of the Canadian Food Inspection Agency on Aug 11, 2017 (Registration #8340). It yielded well in both Ontario and Quebec, but is particularly adapted to eastern and southern Ontario, where crown rust (Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae) is a key yield-limiting factor. It has high β-glucan content and is a miller approved milling oat cultivar. It also has superior post-maturation standability.
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