Цель: оценка силовых способностей конечностей тяжелоатлетов, которая позволит рационально использовать в технике выполнения движений, статокинетической устойчивости, целесообразной энергопродукции, направленности рекрутирования мышц, упруговязких свойств, расслабления и напряжения. Организация и методы исследования. Обследовались тяжелоатлеты юноши 16-18 лет (n = 10), из них спортивной квалификации кандидата (n = 8) и мастера спорта (n = 2). Длина тела варьировала от 173 до 176 см. Для оценки изокинетического двигательного действия в суставах использовался мультисуставной комплекс Biodex System 4Pro (Biodex Medical System, Jnc, США). Результаты. Выявлено наличие многогранных биомеханических показателей и их взаимосвязей, отражающих функционирование интегративной деятельности системы статокинетической устойчивости тяжелоатлетов с ее балансированием и разбалансировкой. Следует отметить, что анализ корреляций по сравнению с анализом векторных изменений абсолютных значений более объективно отражает многогранные процессы в статокинетической устойчивости тяжелоатлетов. Заключение. Полученные результаты позволяют наиболее точно описать биомеханические характеристики регуляции сгибания и разгибания суставных изменений (колено, плечо, тазобедренный сустав). Ключевые слова: силовые способности, регуляция двигательных действий, нейромоторное обеспечение, нейронная сеть, мощность, угловая скорость, сгибание-разгибание.
Aim. The article deals with studying biomechanical, physiological, and age-related features in young weightlifters during quickness and speed-strength qualities enhancement. Materials and methods. The study was conducted at the precompetitive stage of preparation. Weightlifters aged 14–15 and 16–17 years (n = 15) participated in the experiment. Body composition was studied with the Tanita BC-418AA computer analyzer. The spatial characteristics of spine segments were investigated with the help of the MBN-Scanner computer equipment. Postural studies were conducted with the stabilometric systems produced by MBN Russia. Blood flow spectral analysis was performed using impedance rheography (the Centaur diagnostic system). Results. The body composition of young weightlifters was varied in the following range: muscle mass – 52.4–53.9%, fat mass – 9.0–10.2%. BMI was equal 25.64 kg/m2. The data of the orthostatic test in young weightlifters revealed significant changes in HR, total spectrum power (TSP), and stroke volume regulation (SV) in the experimental group (p < 0.05). In the control group, HR changes were higher than in the experimental group. In 50% of athletes from the groups of sports performance enhancement, eukinetic blood flow was revealed, in 32% – hypokinetic, and in 18% – hypertonic. After a year of training, a consistent increase in stroke volume (SV) was registered, as well as a decrease in HR, peripheral vascular resistance (PVR), heart index, and arterial blood pressure. Conclusion. The control system allows revealing in time the problems connected with weightlifters’ preparation, offering rehabilitation measures, and transforming the training process itself (its orientation, volume, intensity) to optimize body functioning in young weightlifters.
The purpose of the article is to individualize the precompetitive training of highly skilled weightlifters based on the indicators of the cardiovascular system and initial functional status. Materials and methods. The hemodynamics indices were determined with the help of impedance rheography using a certified Centaur computer technology (Microlux, Chelyabinsk). The characteristics of central and peripheral hemodynamics in horizontal and vertical position were revealed. Results. The study proved the effectiveness of individualized training (based on CCC indicators) in the pre-competitive period for successful performance at the main competitions of the season. Conclusion. The results of competitions proved the effectiveness of individualized training.
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