We serologically tested 140 female prostitutes (mean age, 30 years) from the port city of Callao, Peru, for evidence of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Chlamydia trachomatis, Treponema pallidum, herpes simplex viruses (HSV) I and II, and hepatitis B virus. The women had worked as prostitutes for an average of 5 years; one-fourth serviced foreign visitors exclusively, mainly sailors. Only 4 women used condoms, and only 1 woman gave a history of parenteral narcotic abuse, although 53% were regularly exposed to unsterile needles outside the medical setting for injections of vitamins, antibiotics, or steroids; another 29% are thought to probably use unsterile needles. None of the 140 prostitutes screened was seropositive for HIV, despite a very high prevalence of antibody to T. pallidum (24%), C. trachomatis (97%), HSV I and II (100%), and hepatitis B (51%); 5% were HbsAg positive. These data indicate that HIV has not yet been introduced into female prostitutes in the Peruvian port city. We believe that widespread use of unsterile needles in developing countries, such as Peru, represents a serious health threat and will amplify the spread of HIV, once introduced.
ResumenObejivo: Confirmar la presencia del antígeno del virus de la fiebre amarilla en muestras de hígado. Material y Métodos: Se aplicó la técnica de inmunohistoquímica en muestras de hígado de 34 pacientes procedentes de las diferentes regiones del país con diagnóstico clínico de fiebre amarilla, durante los años 1999 a 2001. A los cortes de tejido (hígado parafinizado) se aplicó esta técnica con anticuerpos monoclonales y policlonales contra FA y el complejo biotina-streptavidina. El control positivo fue el hígado de un paciente con diagnóstico serológico e histopatológico de fiebre amarilla y el control negativo una muestra de hígado obtenida de la necropsia de un paciente con patología no hepática. Resultados: La positividad se dio por una tinción marrón en el citoplasma hepático. Las muestras negativas carecen de esta tinción. Se confirmó la presencia de antígeno de fiebre amarilla durante los años 1999 al 2001. Las 34 muestras procedieron de los departamentos de San Martín, Junín, Cuzco, Huánuco, Loreto, Pasco, y Ucayali. Conclusión: La técnica de inmunohistoquímica constituye una herramienta de diagnóstico por su alta sensibilidad y especificidad (ambas 90%), para estudios epidemiológicos en los que se puede realizar un diagnóstico retrospectivo.
Palabras clave: Inmunohistoquímica; Fiebre amarilla; Tejidos; Antígeno.
Immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of yellow fever AbstractObjective: To determine the presence of yellow fever virus antigen in liver samples. Material and Methods: Immunohistochemistry assay was used in liver samples obtained from 34 patients from 1999 through 2002; they lived in different regions of the country and presented clinical diagnosis of yellow fever. Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against yellow fever virus and biotin-streptavidin complex were applied to liver sections (paraffinized-liver). A liver sample from a patient with serological and histophatological diagnosis of yellow fever was used as positive control and a negative control was a liver sample obtained at necropsy from a patient without liver disease. Results: Brown staining of the liver cell cytoplasm was considered positive. The presence of yellow fever virus antigen was confirmed in the 34 liver samples studied from 1999 to 2001. Patients came San Martín, Junín, Cuzco, Loreto, Pasco and Ucayali departments. Conclusion: Immunohistochemistry assay is a useful diagnostic tool for epidemiologic studies due to its high sensitivity and specificity (90%), when a retrospective diagnosis may be performed.
Literatur und Kritik. 8. 63 Z. 20 v. 0. steht: Da der l a t e i n i s c h e Name fur Sauerstoff , , O x y g e n i u m " ist; das Wort ist aber ein aus griechischen Worten neugebildetes. S. 120 Z. 12 v. 0. seize 65 statt 95. 5. 174 Z. 10 v. 0. schliesst statt schiesst. S. 186 Z. 18 v. 0. 150 Gramme anstatt 1509 S. 187 Z. 12 v. 0. Kobaltchloriir statt Kobaltchloror. 8. 200 Z. 8 v. 0. SH,O, anstatt SH,O. S. 204 Z. 17 v. 0. werden H y p o n i t r a t e (Untersalpctersaure Salze) aufgefchrt, spiiter heiast es aber dass die Untersalpetcrsaure keine Salse bilden konne. 5. 210 Z. 15 v. 0. ,,Bei der dbseheidung einer Base aus wiisariger Losung tritt dieselbe i m m e r mit Wasser verbunden auf;" nicht immer, denn HgO fdlt wasserfrei nieder.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.