used to analyse the percentage changes in IEF where the stratification variable was weekly baseline IEF (IEF <14 and ≥ 14). Analysis of covariance was used to analyse I-QOL scores. RESULTSThe mean baseline IEF was 18.4/week; 55% of patients had a baseline IEF of ≥ 14. There was a significantly greater median decrease in IEF with duloxetine with placebo (54% vs 40%, P = 0.05), with comparable significant improvements in quality of life (I-QOL score increases of 10.3 vs 6.4, P = 0.007). The improvements with duloxetine were associated with significantly greater increases in voiding intervals than with placebo (20.4 vs 8.5 min, P < 0.001). The placebo response was 10.7% and 12.5% higher than those reported in two European and North American phase 3 trials. This may have been related to more patients being naïve for incontinence management in the current trial. Discontinuation rates for adverse events were 1.7% for placebo and 17.2% for duloxetine ( P < 0.001), with nausea being the most common reason for discontinuation (3.1%); it was the most common adverse event with duloxetine, but was mild or moderate in most (81%), did not worsen in any patient and resolved within 7 days in 60% and within 1 month in 86% of continuing patients; 88% of women who experienced nausea while taking duloxetine completed the trial. CONCLUSIONSThese results show improvements in incontinence and quality of life with duloxetine 40 mg twice daily for 12 weeks that are in keeping with those reported in two other recently completed phase 3 trials in Europe and North America. KEYWORDSstress urinary incontinence, quality of life, duloxetine hydrochloride, serotonin, noradrenaline OBJECTIVESTo further assess, in a phase 3 study, treatment with duloxetine for women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in other geographical regions,

The triptorelin 6-month formulation was well tolerated and was able to achieve and maintain castration for the treatment of locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer. By reducing the frequency of required injections, this new formulation offers a more convenient treatment regimen. (Clinical Trial Registration,NCT00751790 at www.clinicaltrials.gov).

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Whether these differences have a role in the causation of an idiopathic hydrocele is, at this stage, speculative. A similar study on a larger scale would probably be more conclusive.