The antibacterial activity of Aloe barbadensis was tested on clinically isolated bacterial pathogens i.e. Enterococcus bovis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Morganella morganii, and Klebsiella pneumoniae causing infection in human being. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts were used for the antibacterial effect, which was measured by the appearance of zone of inhibition. Relatively higher MIC concentrations were obtained for gram negative bacteria E. coli and K. pneumoniae, with ethanol extract; however, no inhibitory effect was noted for aqueous extract. Ethanolic extract possesses great inhibitory activity for gram positive bacteria, E. bovis followed by S. aureus. Among gram negative bacteria, highest inhibitory effect was observed with P. aeruginosa, followed by M. morganii, P. mirabilis, and P. vulgaris, which was significant (p < 0.01) than E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Antimicrobial activity tests of crude extract of A. barbadensis were carried out to validate the use of traditional medicinal herbal and results of this study tend to give credence to the common use of A. barbadensis gel and leaf.
Fusarium rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. gladioli (Fog) is one of the most serious diseases of Gladiolus, both in the field and in bulbs in storage. In order to study the mechanisms of pathogenesis of this fungus, we have transformed Fog with Agrobacterium tumefaciens binary vectors containing the hygromycin B phosphotransferase (hph) gene and fluorescence reporter genes EGFP (green), EYFP (yellow) or ECFP (cyan) using the AGL-1 strain of A. tumefaciens. Hygromycin B (100 μg/ml) resistant colonies were observed only when acetosyringone was added to the co-cultivation medium. Transformed colonies are more clearly visible when co-cultivated on cellophane membrane than on Hybond -N + membrane. Transformed lines were stably maintained through four serial passages on medium containing hygromycin B, and they expressed green, yellow or cyano fluorescence. PCR with hph-specific primers and Southern blotting with an hph-specific probe were positive for Hyg R lines but not for the untransformed isolate. The cyano fluorescence of the ECFP-transformed isolate was clearly distinguishable from the green autofluorescence of Gladiolus roots, signifying the potential of these lines for further histopathological investigations. Transformed lines will be useful for identifying pathogenicity related genes, screening transgenic resistance, and in studies of host-pathogen interactions.
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