ZnO nanostructures have attracted great attention for possible applications in optoelectronic and spintronic devices. The electrical resistivity because of carriers can be improved by the introduction of Li ions, as Li is a possible dopant for achieving p-type ZnO. We have carried out a comprehensive micro-Raman scattering study of the phonons in 1% Li-and undoped ZnO needle crystals grown and annealed at 1073 K for 1 and 2 h under oxygen environment. Phonon mode of doped and undoped ZnO does not show any measurable shift for the doping concentration of 1%. As line width is related to point defect density, we find for both Li-and undoped ZnO crystals the crystallinity is improving towards the tip of the needle crystals.

No abstract

In this paper, the convergence aspects of the Extended Kalman Filter, when used as a deterministic observer for a nonlinear discrete-time systems, are addressed and analyzed. The conditions needed to ensure the boundedness of the error covariances which are related to the observability properties of the nonlinear systems are identified through difference equations. Furthermore, boundedness and stability conditions are provided in a noisy environment systems.

No abstract

Silver nanoparticles of different sizes have been prepared. Absorption spectroscopy reveals the formation of ground state complex. Fluorescence spectroscopy has been used to study the signatures of fluorescence quenching. Properties of N-(2-methylthiophenyl)-2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldimine (NMTHN) on silver nanoparticles has been investigated using optical absorption and fluorescence emission techniques. Quenching of fluorescence of N-(2-methylthiophenyl)-2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldimine has been found to decrease with increase in the size of the silver nanoparticles. The results of the quenching experiments were analyzed through Stern Volmer plot.

No abstract

Magnetic nanoparticles are made up of magnetic elements such as iron, nickel, cobalt and their oxides. Their unique physical and chemical properties, biocompatibility and their ability to be manipulated by external magnetic fields have made them as popular drug carriers in recent years. They offer various advantages such as ability to carry drugs to the desired areas in the body, and the ability to release the drugs in a controlled manner which in turn help in reducing side effects to other organs and in providing correct dosage of drugs. However, the complexity of the drug delivery system is a challenge in further improving the efficiency of magnetic nanoparticle drug delivery. In order to overcome this challenge, computational tools help in understanding the complexity of the drug delivery process and to design magnetic nanoparticles which are more efficient in drug delivery. In this chapter we propose to review various properties of magnetic nanoparticles, applications of magnetic nanoparticles as drug carriers, challenges in using them for drug delivery, various computational tools which aid in modeling magnetic nanoparticle drug delivery and in designing magnetic nanoparticles for efficient targeted drug delivery.

No abstract