The work is devoted to one of the actual problems of ophthalmology — the study of spatial perception in children with ophthalmopathology.Purpose of the work is to study the characteristics of spatial perception in children with ophthalmopathology using the technique of copying Taylor’s and Rey–Osterrieth’s figures.Patients and methods. 284 children aged 6 to 8 years were observed: 1) 135 children with operated convergent non-paralytic strabismus; 2) 53 children with organic pathology of the retina and optic nerve; 3) 96 children of the control group (without ophthalmopathology). The characteristics of spatial perception were evaluated according to the results of copying complex geometric figures — Taylor’s (with a right hand) and Rey–Osterrieth’s (with a left hand).Results. It is found that the distinguishing particularities of the group of children with non-paralytic strabismus are the smaller number of children copying the figures starting from the whole contour (using a deductive strategy) and the reduced quality of drawing compared to those in the group of children without ophthalmopathology. It is also shown that in children with organic ophthalmopathology these features relate to copying Rey–Osterrieth’s figure to a greater degree than copying Taylor’s figure, which may reflect a shift in interhemispheric relations in them towards more pronounced left-hemisphere activity.Conclusion. Thus, the method used in the work is informative, allows to identify the features of spatial perception in children with different ophthalmopathology and conduct a comparative analysis of its characteristics.
Background. The study of color vision is of great importance in the diagnosis and monitoring of visual functions in patients with of the partial atrophy of optic nerve (PAON). Due to the fact that PAON is one of the main causes of blindness and low vision in children, there is no doubt about the importance of effective diagnosis of color vision not in children with this pathology.Purpose: to evaluate the effectiveness of the diagnosis of color vision in children with congenital partial atrophy of the optic nerve using developed own tests in comparison with classical methods. The Rabkin and Neitz-test tables create conditions under which the examined child is given two tasks at once – color discrimination and shape identification. At the same time, the integration of information about color and shape may be difficult in children with PAON.Materials and methods. In 2020–2022 years 72 school-age children were observed, who, after a standard ophthalmological examination, were divided into two groups: 1) 37 children with congenital bilateral PAON; 2) 35 children of the control group with no pathology of the fundus and normal indicators of visual functions. To study color vision, we used our own developed test images (Patent RU 2760085 of 02.04.2021), as well as classical tests – polychromatic tables E.B. Rabkin and Neitz-test.Results. In the control group, when studying color vision according to Rabkin tables, four children had some difficulties with determining the shape of test figure in three of the 27 main tables. At the same time, the children named the colors of individual circles that make up the images correctly. In the Neitz-test, only one child did not distinguish between the shapes of brown and green tones of minimal saturation. The other children correctly identified the colored shapes in all the test images. The study with the developed tests did not cause any difficulties for any of the children of the control group. With minimal saturation, all children distinguished chromatic images from achromatic ones and correctly distinguished shades. In the group of children with PAON in the study with classical tests, 15 (40.5%) children experienced significant difficulties with determining the shape of the test figure in some Rabkin tables (while correctly naming the colors of individual circles) and 12 (32.4%) children – in Neitz-test images. Normal trichromasia was detected in 18 (48.6%) children and in 4 (10.8%) children – abnormal trichromasia according to both Rabkin’s tables and Neitz-test. With the developed tests, 6 (16.2%) children had color vision disorders. At the same time, abnormal trichromasia was detected in 4 of them according to the Rabkin and Neitz-test tables.Conclusion. The test images developed by us are easy to perform and do not pose a difficult visual task for the child to identify the chromatic shape. In this regard, they allow for effective diagnosis of color vision in children in normal and ophthalmopathology, and are also promising for use in children not only of school age, but also of younger age.
The work is devoted to one of the most relevant problems of ophthalmology and neurophysiology which is the study of interhemispheric interactions in children with ophthalmopathology.The purpose of this work is to study lateral phenotypes in children with ophthalmopathology.Patients and methods. 374 6–15 years old children were observed: 1) 160 children with non-paralytic strabismus; 2) 111 children with organic pathology of the retina and the optic nerve; 3) 103 children of the control group (without ophthalmopathology). The lateral phenotype (LP) was determined according to the scheme “dominant hand — dominant ear — dominant eye”.Results. Different LP ratios were obtained in the examined groups of children (p < 0.001). The ratio of right-handers / left-handers / ambidextrous children was most uniform in the group of children with non-paralytic strabismus (43,8 / 22,5 / 33,7 %). In the group of children with organic ophthalmopathology it was “shifted” to the right-hand side (65,8 / 10,8 / 23,4 %). In the control group the number of left-handers was minimal, and the number of ambidextrous was maximal (51,4 / 3,9 / 44,7).Conclusion. It was found that children with organic ophthalmopathology are characterized by the most pronounced predominance of right-sided LP, and children with non-paralytic strabismus are characterized by a relatively uniform distribution of right-sided, left-sided and symmetrical LP. The identified features may reflect increased left-hemispheric activity in children with organic ophthalmopathology and adaptivecompensatory increase in right-hemispheric activity in children with non-paralytic strabismus.
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