We have synthesized a polymeric quaternary ammonium salt of β-methacryloylethyl-Ndimethyl(allyl)ammonium bromide (β-MAEDAB) based on reaction of N,Ndimethylaminoethylmethacrylate with allyl bromide. We have developed a water-soluble polymeric composition based on the polyquaternary salt of β-MAEDAB combined with glycerol for treatment of natural fibers (cotton and wool) and leather (cowhide and goatskin). We have studied the physical and chemical properties of aqueous solutions of the polymeric composition and have determined the optimal formula for the composition to use for finishing fibers and leathers. We have studied the physical and mechanical properties of natural fibers and leathers modified by the polymeric composition based on a polyquaternary salt.Today serious problems are encountered in the technology of production of natural materials made from local raw material (cotton and wool fibers, natural leather) which are reflected in the quality of both the materials and articles made from them.During the production process, cotton and wool fibers are subjected to many mechanical loads causing stretching, bending, breaking, twisting, compression, etc., which leads to their mechanical and chemical degradation and poorer properties. Modification of the fibers with solutions of polymeric compositions makes it possible to improve both their processability into textile material and the physical, mechanical, performance, and technological parameters of this material.In connection with features of the climate conditions and preservation methods, leather obtained from raw material prepared in Uzbekistan is quite susceptible to poor break and has poor grain strength. Accumulation of fat in the dermis, especially at the boundary between the reticular layer and the papillary layer, and the presence of voids lead to its loosening, which results in lower strength of the hides, and leathers produced from them do not meet the requirements for leather used for apparel. As we know, poor break leads to reduced grading of the leather and loss of up to 8%-10% of their useful area.In order to improve the quality of leathers, synthetic polymers based on polyacrylates (derivatives of acrylic and methacrylic acids and their esters) are used as fillers for leather intermediates [1][2][3][4]. Treatment of leathers with polymers promotes an increase in their wear resistance, more even properties over the surface topography, prevention of poor break, and improvement in the physical and mechanical parameters.In the IR spectrum of collagen modified by the polymeric salt, we observed bending vibrations of the -NH 2 groups in the 15.4 m -1 typical of collagen. The shift of the absorption band for the >C=O group from 17.2 to 17.45 m -1 may be evidence for interaction between the quaternary nitrogen of the polymeric salt and the carbonyl group of the collagen, with formation of intermolecular chemical bonds, which is supported by the adhesion properties of the polymeric salt relative to natural leather. In particular, adhesion of goatskin ...
This article presents studies of fire resistance in the treatment of expanded vermiculite, which depends on the size of the dispersed particles and the orientation of the granules, their moisture and temperature. It has been studied that one of the interesting and important in practice properties of vermiculite is its ability to swell and turn into a lightweight effective material for imparting fire resistance. The properties and compositions of vermiculite from the Tebinbulak deposit are studied, from which a flame-retardant suspension is prepared for processing textile materials based on vermiculite dissolved in orthophosphoric acid and alkali in an aqueous medium. When modifying materials with developed flame-retardant suspensions, it is possible to obtain fire-resistant textile materials that meet the requirements of GOST for fire resistance, smoke generation and other physical and mechanical properties.
The article discusses the preparation of some thermodynamic parameters characterizing the final product of complex radical polymerization of amino alkyl acrylate derivatives containing both methacrylate and alkyl groups of low molecular weight compounds with electron acceptors - polymerization initiators at temperatures that exclude thermal decomposition of the initiators themselves. The equilibrium constant of the complication reaction and the molar extinction coefficient of the complex were determined by graphically solving the Bеneshe-Hildebrand equation, the heats of complex formation, entropy, Gibbs energy were found, and the elemental composition of low molecular weight and high molecular weight substances was determined. As can be seen from the studies, the molar extinction coefficient of the complex practically does not depend on temperature, and the equilibrium constant of the complexation reaction even in a narrow temperature range (283–293 K) increases with increasing temperature. The structure and composition of the synthesized monomeric and polymer salt were also considered in the work, and confirmed by IR-spectroscopy and analysis of elemental composition, the obtained spectroscopic data showed that the unit of the formed polymer corresponds in composition and structure to the monomeric quaternary salt, and the allyl bond in the polymers is preserved. It can be seen from the studies that, with an increase in the concentration of both the monomer and the initiator, the reaction rate naturally increases.
Fibre-forming copolymers of acr ylonitrile and a monomeric quaternary ammonium salt, β-methacryloylhydroxyethyl-(N-dimethyl,methylene)ammonium iodide, were obtained by wet spinning and their physicomechanical and structural properties were investigated. It was found that the modified fibres have a set of valuable properties in comparison to the industrial fibre Nitron.An analysis of the literature on production of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibres showed that the trend of their development is aimed at improving the quality of the fibres by refining the manufacturing processes and using modern advances in chemical and physical modification of the fibres [1][2][3][4]. For this reason, studying the properties of modified PAN fibres is a very pressing problem.We should note that together with the positive properties, polyacrylonitrile fibres have many drawbacks, in particular, low physicomechanical indexes and unsatisfactory fire resistance, which to some degree limits their use. We will examine the properties of fibres made from copolymers of acrylonitrile with a monomeric quaternary salt -βmethacryloylhydroxyethyl-(N-dimethyl, methylene)ammonium iodide. The fibres were spun on a laboratory setup with the water-dimethylformamide method. A 50-60% solution of dimethylformamide was used as the spinning bath. The results of the studies are reported in Tables 1 and 2. The data in Tables 1 and 2 show that modified PAN fibres have higher physicomechanical indexes than industrial Nitron fibre. High relative tenacity was attained for the fibres made from the copolymers at 313 K: 40.9 cN/tex, versus 30.2 for Nitron. Moreover, the elongation at break decreased, probably due to the different structure of the fibres.Further studies investigated the structural properties of the chemical fibre. The water sorption isotherms were analyzed within the framework of the BET polymolecular adsorption theory [6]. The specific surface area of the fibre (S sp ), total pore volume (V t ), average pore radius (r av ), density (ρ), and diffusion coefficient (D) were determined with the sorption isotherms.As the data in Table 3 show, the fibre made from the from the copolymer of acrylonitrile with β-methacryloylhydroxyethyl--(N-dimethyl,methylene)-ammonium iodide has more uniform packing of the structural elements and high values of the specific surface area, total pore volume, and average pore radius.Many areas of modern chemistry and chemical fibre production technology, as well as ecology, have touched upon the development of technology for combining fireproofing finishing with polymer fireproofing compounds and coloration of polymers to increase the fireproof, thermal, and other applied properties. Note that most of the methods of conveying fireproof properties are based on the use of fireproofing compounds containing low-molecular-weight phosphorus, nitrogen, _______________________ Z. Kh. Makhmatkulova
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