Background:Enterococcus faecalis is one of the bacteria that commonly found in root canal and pulp infection after root canal treatment. Sodium hypochlorite is the most widely used root canal irrigation, but it has toxic properties if exposed to periradicular tissues. It is necessary to develop an alternative for root canal irrigation. Fig leaf (Ficus carica Linn.) extract contains active substances such as flavonoid, tannin, and terpenoid which have been known for their antibacterial potency.Aim:This study aimed to determine the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of fig leaf (F. carica Linn.) extract against E. faecalis and its cytotoxicity on fibroblast cells in vitro.Materials and Methods:A serial dilution method was used to determine the MBC of fig leaf extract on E. faecalis which grown on nutrient agar media. Inoculation was carried out at concentrations that suspected minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), MBC, concentration between MIC and MBC, and control groups on different nutrient agar. MIC and MBC of fig leaf extract against E. faecalis were known by counting the growth of bacteria colonies on nutrient agar media in CFU/ml. The cytotoxicity of MIC and MBC of the extract acquired were tested using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, and the results were read using an ELISA reader. Data of E. faecalis colonies were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney test.Results:The result showed a significant difference among the groups (p<0.05). fig leaf extract at a concentration of 50% showed no bacterial growth, and cell viability at this concentration was 77.7%.Conclusion:Fig leaf extract has antibacterial effect on E. faecalis with MBC at 50% and not cytotoxic to fibroblast cells.
Glass fiber reinforcement of the hybrid acrylic resin with difference method can enhance residual monomer content of the material; it can cause cytotoxic effect on fibroblast cells. The purpose of this study was to know the cytotoxicity of hybrid acrylic resins after glass fiber reinforcement with difference method on the cultured fibroblasts. The squared specimens of 10 mm in length, 10 mm in width and 1.5 mm in thickness were cured for 20 minutes at 100° C. The fibroblast cells were grown in Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium to be 2 × 10 5 cells/ml, then the cells were added to the samples in the plates and incubated at 37° C. After 48 hours, the cytotoxic effect was determined by direct cell number count using microscope and a hemocytometer. The statistical analyses using one way ANOVA and LSD test showed that there were significant difference in cell viability (p < 0.05) among the groups. The means percentage of cell viability were 90.00%, 99.,11%, 98.66%, it could be concluded that glass fiber reinforcement into hybrid acrylic resin with either first method or second method was not toxic.
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